(1 37 13. Head of Sebec Lake, Piscataquis Co. 2552-2677 No. 1828 was collected at camp 4, near Maxfield, and no. 201 1 at Rowland. New Yokk Botanical Garden. REVIEWS Keller and Brown's Flora of Philadelphia* This handbook, based chiefly upon data patiently gathered" during many years by the members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club and their friends, should provide a marked stimulus to further study of the flora of the district of which Philadelphia is the center. The species enumerated are not described, but a full system of keys permits fairly accurate determinations in the field without the use of a more cumbrous text-book, while in each case there is a reference to the page of Britton's Manual where a description may be found. Recent work upon Crataegus has compelled special treatment of this genus, and the key to the eighty-five species has been prepared by Mr. B. H. Smith. In general plan this volume resembles strikingly Porter's Flora of Pennsylvania, published about two years ago ; it includes within its scope, however, the plants of the southeastern portion only of Pennsylvania, and in addition those of northern Delaware and of the southern two-thirds of New Jersey. The two books are worthy models for future ones of their class. There is nothing relating to geographical distribution nor to ecological conditions within the region, but an omission of this kind causes no regret in the case of a work with such an artificial geographical limit and such a definite purpose as a field manual. The thin paper used is so transparent as to interfere with the clearness of the text. However, lightness and compactness are of importance in a flora intended for use in the field, and in this instance a book of 368 octavo pages has been reduced to half an inch in thickness and a pound in weight. Typographical errors seem to be fewer than might reasonably be expected. * Keller, Ida A., and Brown, Stewardson. Handbook of the Mora of Philadelphia and Vicinity. Pp. viii -(- 360. Philadelphia, 1905. (For sale by Stewardson Brown^ Acad, of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia. $2.00 net ; by mail, $2.10. ). Ti^ot) 38 By the appearance of this volume, the botanists of Philadel- phia are provided with a pocket companion for their journeys afieid more satisfactory than any available for other parts of our country. There is little room, apparently, for improvement in later editions, save in the insertion of newly acquired data and the addition oj" a good map of the region. John Hendley Barnhart. Lord Avebury's Notes on the Life History of Britisli Flowering Plants* This work is not intended to be in any sense a manual for the ■determination of the species inhabiting the British Isles, but in- stead, taking up the flora in Bentham's sequence and in general with his specific limitations, it furnishes descriptions of the vari- ous plants in such a way as to emphasize the points in their structure which bear most directly upon the peculiar problems presented by their life conditions. The spirit of the author is perhaps best indicated by the con- clusion to the introduction in which he says : " To many, indeed, systematic botany is the most interesting department of the science ; to others it is the entrance and outer court of the tem- ple ; and when we realise that for every shade of colour, for all the exquisite beauty of flowers, for the endless difference in the size, forms, and textures of leaves, for the shape and colour of fruits and seeds, there are, if we only knew them, good and suf- ficient reasons, nature seems endowed with new and vivid life, with enhanced claims on our love, wonder, and devotion." From this point of view a great mass of facts is presented dealing especially with such subjects as fertilization and seed dis- tribution but also including almost every line of inquiry con- nected with plant life. Although the flora dealt with is so limited in range, the book will be of interest and value alike to students and nature-lovers in every locality. This is especially true of the introduction, wherein a concise but comprehensive general discussion of its many problems supplies a most readable summary of the subject. * Avebury, Lord (John Lubbock). Notes on the Life History of British Flow- •ering Plants. 8vo. Pp. i-xxiii + 1-450. /. 1-352. London and New York, 1905. The Macmillan Co. HANDBOOK FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA AND VICINITY CONTAINING DATA RELATING TO THE PLANTS WITHIN THE FOLLOWING RADIUS; EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, NORTH TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS, AND WEST TO THE SUSQUEHANNA ; ALL OF NEW JERSEY EXCEPT THE NORTHERN COUNTIES ; AND NEW CASTLE COUNTY, DELAWARE WITH KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES COMPILED BY IDA A, KELLER AND STEWARDSON BROWN L1«4^ARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PHILADELPHIA, PA. : PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 1905 K^i WiCKERSHAM PRESS Lancaster, Pa. The growing demand among those who desire to study the floi:«a of Philadelphia and vicinity, for a book of reference con- taining a list of plantB to be found within the districts accessible to the local collector, and such further information in regard to tbese, as a book of this kind should contain, suggested the ad- visability of collecting and arranging in a systematic form such data as were available for this purpose. The many valuable communications to the Philadelphia Botanical Club and the observations of its members and others, who have so industriously worked in this field, seemed to form an excellent basis for a work of this kind. The summarizing and arranging the results of the work done so far is here pre- sented in the form of a permanent record — a handbook for the Philadelphia botanist. The area reported upon is designated on the title-page, and is, in the main, the range prescribed for the work of the Philadel- phia Botanical Club. The counties included are the following: Pennstlvania. Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester, Lancaster, Berks, Lehigh, Northampton, Dauphin. New Jersey, Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, Salem, Cumberland, Cape May, Atlantic, Ocean, Monmouth, Mercer, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon. Delaware. New Castle. HEW YOkit BOTANICAL QARDBM The arrangement adopted in Britbon's Manual has been fol- lowed. In connection with each species one at least, or per- haps more, conmion names are given, if such exist. In many cases a common name follows only the genus because the in- dividual species are not sufficiently well distinguished by the t^ laymen either on account of the fact that they are rare or oom- ^ (3) CD ^ -* I CQ FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. paratively new to science, or it may be, that the plants are too inconspicuous and the characters are not sufficiently well marked to attract the attention of tlie ordinary observer. Upon the common name follows a reference to the page in Britton's Manual upon which the species is described in detail. Next follow the data given by the different contributors and in each case the authority is mentioned. The key to the ab- breviations of names is found appended. A general statement in regard to haibitat and time of flower- ing is also made. When no data are added, the plant is considered to be of general distribution. All data from New Castle County have been furnished by Mr. Edward Tatnall, except where otherwise mentioned. The information in regard to Bucks County has been revised by Dr. C. D. Fretz, who has just completed a revised catalogue of that region. The data from Delaware County were revised by Mr. Ben- jamin H. Smith, who, for many years, has made a careful study of that county. Thanks are due to Miss Lillian Roseman, who assisted ma- terially in the arrangement of the information supplied. Contributors. Abbott, Millie. Brown, Stewardson. Carter, Joel J. Crawford, Joseph. Fretz, C. D. Fussell, Linnaeus. Githens, Thomas S. Harshberger, John W. Herbst, William. Heritage, Benjamin. Jahn, Albrecht. Jellett, Edwin C. Keller, Ida A. Krout, A. F. K, Leeds, Morris and Arthur. Lippincott, Charles. MacElwee, Alexander. Marot, Philip. Meehan, Thomas. Pennock, Aldrich. Address. Vineland, N. J. Germantown, Pa. Pleasant Grove, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Sellersville, Pa. Media, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Trexlertown, Pa. Mickleton, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Germantown, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Swedesboro, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Germantown, Pa. Lansdowne, Pa. Abbreviations Used. Ab. Br. Ca. Cr. Fr. Fu. Gi. Ha. Her. He. Ja. Je. Ke. Kr. Le. Li. Mac. Mar. Me. Pe. FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Contributors. Price, Ferris W. Rcdles, George. Saunders, C. F. Sehaeffer, Charlefi. Smith, Benjamin H. Smith, Uselma C. Stokes, Joseph. Stone, Witmer. Tatnall, Edward. Tenbrook, E. L. Trimble, William. Trimble, Samuel. Van Pelt, Samuel S. Ware, Cora S. Williams, Newlin. Williamson, Charles S. Address. Swarthmore, Pa. Germantown, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. ]\Ioo^esto^^^l, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Wilmington, Del. Philadelphia, Pa. Concord, Pa. Lima, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Abbreviations Used. Pr. Re. Sa. Sch. B. Sm. U. C. S. Sts. St. Ta. Te. W. Tr. S. Tr. VP. Wa. Ws. Wn. Herbarium of Philadelphia Botanical Club. Britton 's Catalogue of Plants of New Jersey. Flora Cestrica. Herbarium of Charles E. Smith. Porter's Flora of Pennsylvania. B. C. C. Fl. C. C. E. S. P. GENERAL KEY. SUBKINGDOM PTERIDOPHYTA. Plants producing no flowers and seeds but spores which de- velop into flat or irregular prothallia bearing the reproduc- tive organs. Spores of one Tcind only. _ PAGE Sporanges borne on back or margin of fronds, or in special spikes or panicles FILICALES 7 Sporanges borne beneath shield-shaped scales in a terminal spike; stems jointed, sheathed at nodes EQUISETALES 14 Sporanges solitary in the axils of the leaves. Lycopodiaceae in LYCOPODIALES 15 Spores of two Jcinds, large and small. Sporanges enclosed in sporocarps SALVINTALES 14 Sporanges in the axils of the leaves. Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae in LYCOPODIALES 17 SUBKINGDOM SPERMAPHYTA. Plants producing flowers, whose essential organs are stamens and pistils, the latter producing true seeds. 1. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. Class I. GYMNOSPERMAE 18 2. Ovules enclosed in an ovary. Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE 20 Embryo with 1 Cotyledon; fibro-vascular bundles scattered through pith; leaves mostly parallel-veined flower parts usually in threes. Subclass I. MONOCOTYLEDONES 20 A. Flowers aggregated on a spadix; or plants minute, floating free, the flowers few or solitary on the margin or back of thallus. ARALES 88 B. Flowers not collected on a spadix. Floivers destitute of corolla-lilce perianth. Flowers in the axils of dry, chaffy scales; arranged in spikes or spikelets GRAMINALES 26 Flowers not in the axils of dry, chaffy scales; aquatic or marsh plants. Perianth represented by bristles or chaff-like scales; flow- ers monoecious, spicate or capitate; endosperm mealy or fleshy PANDANALES 20 Perianth none ; endosperm none or very little. NAIADALES 21 Flowers with corolla-like perianth. Flowers regular (except Commelina) ; the parts of the usually complete flowers mostly in 3 's or 6 's (except most Naiadales). Note.— Page refers to orders, except when in italics, leading then to genus. * After name of order indicates that this order properly belongs to the other series, e. g., Primulales are Gamopetalae but Glaux is an exception. ii GENEBAL KEY. Endosperm none or very little ; aquatic or marsh herbs, j NAIADALES 21 j Endosperm fleshy or horny; ovary superior or inferior. ! " LILTALES 9-3 Endosperm mealy ; ovary superior X YRIDALES 90 ; Flowers irregular ORCHIDALES 107 Embryo normally with 2 Cotyledons; stem with fibro-vascular bun- dles in rings; mostly net-veined, flower parts not in threes. Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES H* Petals distinct to the base or wanting. Series 1. Choripetalae. PETALS NONE.. A. Flowers not in catkins. 1. Ovary and its cells containing many ovules. Ovary and pod inferior. Six-celled ; stamens 6-12 ARISTOLOCHIALES 127 Four-celled ; stamens 4 LuDWiGiA IN MYRTALES 232, One-celled, \Aath paiietal placentae. .Chrysosplenium in ROSALES 170 Ovary and pod wholly naked (no calyx) . . .PoDOSTEMON IN ROSALES 16S Ovary and pod superior. Five-celled and 5-beaked, opening across the beaks, which fall off at maturity; stamens 10 Penthorum in ROSALES 168 Three-celled and 3-valved, or 3-5-celled and circumscissile. AizoACEAE in CHENOPODIALES 132 Two-celled or 1-celled; placentae central. Stamens inserted on the throat or tube of the calyx. Lythraceae in MYRTALES 230 Stamens inserted on the receptacle or base of the calyx. Glaux in PRIMULALES* 252 One-celled, with one parietal pla- ^ centa or > RANUNCUiiACEAE in RANALES 143 Ovaries 2 or more, separate, simple. ) 2. Ovary or its cells containing 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4, ovules. * Pistils more than one, and distinct or nearly so. Stamens inserted on the calyx; leaves with stipules. Sanguisorba in ROSALES 178 Stamens inserted on the receptacle. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. Xanthoxylum in GERANIALES 209 j Leaves not dotted. ! Calyx present and usually petal-like. : ■■ ' Ranunculaceae in RANALES 143 (lalyx absent; flowers entirelv naked, perfect, spiked. PIPERALES 114 ^"^Pistil one, either simple or compound. Ovary wholly inferior. Aquatic herbs; ovary 3-4-celled. . Haloragidaceae in MYRTALES 230 Mostly woody plants; style or stigma one, entire, ovary 1-celled. Stigma running down one side of the style. Nyssa in UMBELLALES 244 Stigma terminal, with or without a. style SANTALALES 127 Ovary reaUy free from the calyx, but permanently invested by its tube, or the base of it, so as to seem inferior. GENEEAL KEY. iii Shrubs with scurfy leaves; flowers mostly dioecious. Elaeagnaceae in THYMELEALES 229 Herbs, with the calyx colored like a corolla. Leaves opposite, simple. Nyctaginaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Leaves alternate, pinnate Sanguisorba in EOSALES 178 Ovary plainly free from the calyx, which is sometimes wanting. Stipules sheathing the stem at the nodes. Trees, calyx none; flowers monoecious, in heads. Platanaceae in EOSALES 167 Herbs; calyx present and commonly petal-like. ' ' POLYGONALES 128 Stipules not sheathing the stem, or none. Aquatic herbs, submerged or nearly so. Leaves whorled and dissected; style single. Ceratophyllaceae in EANALES 143 Leaves opposite, entire; styles 2; ovary 4-celled. Haloragidaceae in MYETALES 230 Not aquatic herbs. Ovary lO-celled; berry 10-seeded. Phytolaccaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Ovary 3- (rarely 1-2) celled; juice usually milky. Euphorbiace.^e in GEEANIALES 20.5 Ovary 1-celled; juice not milky. Style, if any, and stigma only 1; leaves simple; no searious bracts around the flowers. . .UETICALES 124 Styles or stigmas 2 or 3 ; embryo coiled or curved. Stipules not searious; leaves palmately cleft or palmately compound. Cannabis and Humulus in UETICALES 126 Stipules searious or none . . . CHENOPODIALES 132 Shrubs or trees. Ovules, a pair in each cell of the ovary. Fruit 2-oelled, a double samara. Aceraceae in SAPINDALES 214 Fruit a 1-celled and 1-seeded samara or a drupe. Oleaceae in GENTIANALES 2.53 Ovules single, in each cell of the Three-9-celled ovary; leaves heath-like. Empetraceae in SAPINDALES 214 Three-celled ovary; leaves bread. Ehamnaceae in EHAMNALES 218 One-2-celled ovary; styles or stigmas 2-cleft. UETICALES 124 One-celled ovary; style and stigma single and entire. Anthers opening longitudinally. Thymeleaceae in THYMELEALES 22f» Anthers opening by uplifted valves. ' Lauraceae in EANALES 143 B. Floivers monoecious or dioecious, one or both sorts iii catkins. 1. Only one sort of flowers in catkins or catkin-like heads. Fertile flowers in a short catkin, head or strobile UETICALES 124 Fertile flowers single or clustered; sterile in slender catkins (except Fagus). Leaves pinnate; fertile flowers and fruit naked. .JUGLANDALES 118 Leaves simple; fertile flowers 1-3 in an involucre or cup. FAG ALES 119 2. Both sterile and fertile flowers in catkins or catkin-like heads. Ovary and pod 2-celled, many-seeded Liquidambar in EOSALES 171 iv GENERAL KEY. Ovarv and pod 1-eelled, many-seeded ; seeds furnished with a downy tnft at one end SALICALES 114 Ovary 1-2-f'elled, only one ovule in each cell; fruit 1-seeded. Parasitic on trees Loranthaceae in SANTALALES 127 Trees or shrubs, not parasitic. Calyx regular, in the fertile Mowers succulent in fruit. URTICALES 124 Calyx none, or rudimentary and scale-like. Fertile flowers 2 or 3 at each scale of the catkin. FAGALES 119 Fertile flowers single under each scale; nutlets naked, waxy-coated or drupe-like MYRICALES 118 PETALS PRESENT. A. Stamens numerous, at least more than 10, and more tJum tirice the sepals or lobes of the calyx. 1. Ovary superior, i. e., calyx entirely free and separate from the pistil or pistils. Pistils numerous but cohering over each other in a solid mass on an elongated receptacle Magnoliaceae in RANALES 143 Pistils numerous, separate, but concealed in a hollow receptacle. Leaves opposite, entire, no stipules. Calyoanthaceae in RANALES 143 Leaves alternate, with stipules Rosa in ROSALES 178 Pistils several, immersed in hollows of the upper surface of a large top-shaped receptacle Nelumbo in RANALES 14.5 Pistils more than one, separate, not enclosed in the receptacle. Stamens distinct, inserted on the calyx. .Rosaceae in ROSALES 167 Stamens inserted on the receptacle RANALES 143 Pistils several-lobed ; the ovaries united below the middle. Resedaceae in PAPAVERALES 154 Pistil one as to ovary; the styles or stigmas may be several. Leaves punctate with transparent dots. Hypericaceae in PARIETALES 222 Leaves not punctate with transparent dots. Ovary simple, 1-celled, 2-ovuled. .. .Drupaceae in ROSALES 167 Ovary simple, 1-celled, with 1 parietal many-ovuled placenta. RANALES 143 Ovary compound, 1-celled, with a central placenta. PORTULACACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES 132 Ovary compound, 1-celled, with 2 or more parietal placentse. Calyx deciduous PAPAVERALES 154 Calyx persistent, of 3-5 sepals. CiSTACEAE IN PARIETALES 222 Ovary compound, several-celled. Calyx valvate in the bud MAL VALES 220 Calyx imbricated in the bud, persistent. Shrubs, stamens on the base of the petals. Theaceae in PARIETALES 222 Aquatic or marsh herbs ; ovaries many. On 5 placentae in the axis. Sarraceniaceae IN SARRACENIALES 166 On the 8-30 partitions. Nymphaeaceae in RANALES 143 2. Ovary more or less i)iferior, i. e., calyx more or less coherent with the surface of the compound ovary. Ovary 8-30-celled; ovules many, on the partitions; aquatic. Nymphaeaceae in RANALES 143 GENERAL KEY. v Ovary 10-celled, cells 1-ovuled Amelanchier in ROSALES 180 Ovary 2-5-eelled. Leaves alternate, with stipules; or opposite, without stipules. ROSALES 167 Leaves alternate, without stipules. .Styracaceae in EBENALES* 252 Ovary 1-celled. with the ovules parietal OPUNTIALES 229 Ovary 1-celled, with the ovules rising from the base. Portulacaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 B. Stamens of the sutne number as the petals and opposite them. Pistils 3-6, separate ; flowers dioecious, woody vines. Menispermaceae in RANALES 143 Pistil only one. Ovary 1-celled ; anthers opening by uplifted valves. Berberidaceae in RANALES 143 Ovary 1-celled ; anthers not opening by uplifted valves. Style and stigma 1 ; ovules more than 1. Primulaceae in PRIMULALES* 250 Stvle 1; stigmas 3; sepals 2; ovules several. Portulacaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Style twice or thrice forked; flowers monoecious. Crotonopsis in GERANIALES Sll Styles 5; ovule and seed only 1. Plumbagixaceae in PRTMULALES* 250 Ovary 2-4-celled RHAMNALES 218 C Stamens not more than tivice as many as the petals, when just of the same number, then alternate icith them. 1. Calyx free from the ovary, i. e., ovary wholly superior. '*Ovaries 2 or more, separate. Stamens unitetl with each other and with a large, thick stigma common to the 2 ovaries Asclepiadaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Stamens unconnected, on the receptacle, free from the calyx. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. .Rutaceae in GERANIALES 205 Leaves not pellucid-punctate. Trees, with pinnate leaves. .. .Ailanthus in GERANIALES S09 Low shrub, with pinnate leaves or herbs, not fleshy. Raxunculaceae in RANALES 143 Herbs, with thick, fleshy leaves . . Crassulaceae in ROSALES 167 Stamens unconnected, inserted on the calyx ROSALES 167 **Ovaries 2-5, somewhat united at base, separate above. The carpels fewer than the petals Saxifragaceae in ROSALES 167 ***Ovar\es or lobes of ovary S-5, with a common style. Geraniaceae in GERANIALES 205 ^*** Ovary only 1, and Simple, with one parietal placenta Papilionaceae in BOS ALES 167 Compound, as shown by the number of cells, placentae, styles and stigmaa. Ovary 1-celled. Corolla irregular ; petals 4 ; stamens 6. Papaveraceae in PAPAVERALES 154 Corolla irregular; petals and stamens 5. Violaceae in PARIETALES 222 Corolla regular or nearly so. Ovule solitary; shrubs or trees; stigmas 3. Anacardiaceae in SAPIN dales 214 vi GENERAL KEY. Ovules more than 1, in center or bottom of cell. Petals not inserted on the calyx. Caryophyllaceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Petals inserted on the throat of a bell-shaped or tubular calyx Lythraceae in M YRTALES 230 Ovules several or many, on 2 or more parietal placentae. Leaves punctate with pellucid and dark dots. Hypericaceae in PARIETALES 222 Leaves beset with reddish, gland-tipped bristles. Droseraceae in SARRAOENIALES 166 Leaves neither punctate nor bristly-glandular. Sepals 5, very unequal, or only 3. CiSTACEAE in PARIETALES 222 Sepals and petals 5 ; stamens 5 or 10. Saxifragaceae in ROSALES 167 Ovary 2-several-celled. Flowers irregular. Anthers opening at the top. . Polygalaceae in GERANIALES 20.5 Anthers opening lengthwise. Stamens 12 ; petals 6 on the throat of a tubular inflated or gibbous calyx Parsonsia in MYRTALES 231 Stamens 5-8 or 10 ; petals hypogynous or nearly so. SAPINDALES 214 Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens neither just as many nor twice as many as the petals. Triadelphous ; petals 5. .Hypericaceae in PARIETALES 222 Tetradynamous (or rarely only 2 or 4); petals 4; pun- gent herbs Cruciferae in PAPAVERALES 154 Distinct and fewer than the 4 petals. Oleaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Stamens just as many or twice as many as the petals. Ovules and seeds only 1 or 2 in each cell. Herbs GERANIALES 205 Shrubs or trees. Leaves 3-foliolate, pellucid-punctate. Ptelea in GERANIALES 209 Leaves simple, not punctate SAPINDALES 214 Ovules (and usually seeds) several or many in each cell. Stipules between the opposite and simple leaves. Elatinaceae in PARIETALES 222 Stipules between the opposite and compound leaves (caducous) Staphylea in SAPINDALES 217 Stipules none when the leaves are opposite. Stamens 10, monadelphous at base ; leaflets 3, inversely heart-shaped. OxALis in GERANIALES 207 Stamens distinct, free from calyx. Style 1, undivided. Ericaceae in ERICALES* 244 Styles 2-5, separate. C'aryophyt.laceae in CHENOPODIALES 132 Stamens distinct, inserted on the calyx. Styles 2 (or 3), or splitting into 2 in fruit. Saxifragaceae ii^r ROSALES 167 Style 1 ; pod in the calvx 1-celled. Lythraceae in MYRTALES 230 2. Calyx-tuhe adherent to the ovary, at least to its lower half. Tendril-bearing and often succulent herbs. Cucurbitaceae in CAMPANULALES* 305 Not tendril-bearing. GENERAL KEY. vii Ovules and seeds more than 1 in each cell. Ovary 1-celled. Herbs Saxifragaceae in ROSALES 167 Shrubs Grossulariaceae in ROSALES 167 Ovary 2-several-celled. Anthers opening by pores at the apex; style 1. Melastomaceae in MYRTALES 230 Anthers not opening by pores. Stamens on a flat disk which covers the ovary. Celastraceae in SAPINDALES 214 Stamens inserted on the calyx. Eight or 4 (rarely 5) ; style 1. Onagraceae in MYRTALES 230 Five or 10; styles 2-3, distinct. Saxifragaceae in ROSALES 167 Ovule and seed only 1 in each cell. Stamens 2-8 ; styles 1-4 ; herbs or aquatic plants . . MYRTALES 230 Perfect stamens 4; styles 2; shrub. Hamamelidaceae in ROSALES 167 Stamens 4 ; style and stigma 1 ; chiefly shrubs. Cornaceae in UMBELLALES 235 Stamens .5 ; flowers in umbels, or rarely in heads. UMBELLALES 235 Petals more or less united. Series 2. Gamopetalae. A. Stamens more numerous than the lobes of the corolla. Ovary 1-celled with 1 parietal placenta. . Papilionaceae in ROSALES* 167 Ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae. Adlumia in PAPAVERALES* 166 Ovary 2-celled with a single ovule in each cell. Polygalaceae in GERANIALES* 205 Ovary 3 -many-celled. Stamens free or nearly free from the corolla; style single. ERICALES 244 Stamens free from the corolla; style 5. OxALis IN GERANIALES* S07 Stamens inserted on the base or tube of the corolla. Filaments monadelphous ; anthers 1-celled, kidney-shaped. Malvaceae in MALVALES* 220 Filaments 1-5-adelphous at base, anthers 2-celled. Calyx free from the ovary . . Theaceae in PARIETALES* 222 Calyx coherent with the ovary, or with its base. Styracaceae in EBENALES 252 Filaments wholly distinct; calyx free, persistent. Ebenaceae in EBENALES 252 Filaments in pairs at each sinus; anthers 1-celled. Caprifoliaceae in RUBIALES 298 B. Stamens {fertile ones) as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them PRIMULALES 250 C. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them or fewer. 1. Ovary inferior. Tendril-bearing lierbs; anthers often united. CucuRBiTACEAE IN CAMPANULALES 305 Tendrils none. Stamens united by their anthers into a ring or tube. CAMPANULALES 305 Stamens separate, free from the corolla or nearly so, as many as its lobes; stipules none; juice usually milky. Campanulaceae IN CAMPANULALES 305 viii GENERAL KE¥. Stamens separate, inserted on the corolla. One-3, always fewer than the corolla-lobes. Valerianaceae in VALERIANALES 304 Four or 5 ; leaves opposite or whorled. Ovary 1-celled ; flowers in a dense involucrate head. DiPSACACEAE IN VALERIANALES 304 Ovary 2-5-celled „ RUBIALES 298 2. Ovary sujjerior. Corolla irregular ; stamens with anthers 4 and didynamous or only g. POLEMONIALES 262 Corolla somewhat irregular; stamens with anthers, 5. Stamens free from the corolla; anthers with their cells opening by a hole or chink at the top Azalea in ERICALBS 246 Stamens inserted on the corolla. Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style. EcHiUM in POLEMONIALES 271 Ovary not lobed ; pod many-seeded. Filaments, or some of them, woolly. Verbascum in POLEMONIALES 286 Filaments not woolly. Hyoscyamus in POLEMONIALES 285 Corolla regular. A. Stamens as niaiiy as the lobes of the corolla. Ovaries 2, separate GENTIANALES 253 Ovary 1, but deeply 4-Iobed around the style POLEMONIALES 262 Ovary 1, not deeply lobed. One-celled, with ovules parietal or on 2 parietal placentae. Leaves (or in Menyanthes 3 leaflets) entire. Gentianaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Leaves toothed, lobed or pinnately compound. Hydrophyllaceae in POLEMONIALES 262 Two-lO-celled. Leafless j)arasitic twining plants. CuscuTA in POLEMONIALES 264 Leaves opposite, their bases or petioles connected by stipules or stipular line Loganiaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Leaves when opposite without stipules. Stamens free from corolla or nearly so ; style 1. Ericaceae in ERICALES 244 Stamens almost free from the corolla ; style none. Ilicaceae in SAPINDALES* 214 Stamens in the sinuses of the corolla; style 1. Diapensiaceae in ERICALES 244 Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla. Four; pod 2-celled, cireumscissile. Plantaginaceae in PLANTAGINALES 297 Four; ovary 2-4-celled, ovules solitary. Verbenaceae in POLEMONIALES 262 Five or rarely more POLEMONIALES 262 B. Stamens fewer than the lobes of the corolla. Stamens 4, didynamous POLEMONIALES 262 Stamens only 2 with anthers, ovary 4-lobed. Lycopus in POLEMONIALES 280 Stamens 2, rarely 3 ; ovary 2-celled. Herbs with the corolla rotate, or somewhat funnel-form, and slightly irregular Veronica in POLEMONIALES 290 Shrubs or trees, corolla perfectly regular. Oleaceae in GENTIANALES 253 Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Order I. PILIOALES. Vernation erect or inclined; sporanges in spikes or panicles, opening by a transverse slit. Fam. 1. Ophioglossaceae. Vernation coiled; sporanges reticulated, with annulus (rudimentary in Fam. 2). Sporanges opening vertically. Sporanges panicled, with rudimentary ring; marsh ferns. Fam. 2. Osmundaceae. Sporanges ovoid, in panicles or spikes, with a vertical ring. Fam. 3. Schizaeaceae. Sporanges opening transversely, provided with a vertical ring, borne in sori on the back or margin of the leaf. Fam. 4. Polypodiaceae. Family 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Pi esl. Adder's Tongue Family. Veins reticulate ; sporanges cohering in a distichous spike. 1. Ophioglossum. Veins free ; sporanges distinct, borne in spikes or panicles. 2. Botrychium. 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM L. Adder's Tongue. Leaves ovate to elliptic, large; basal veins 9-13 or more. 1. 0. vulgatum. Leaf lanceolate, small ; basal veins 5-7. 2. 0. arenarium. 1. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Common Adder's Tongue. M. p. 2. Bogs and pastures. Sunmier. £wc^s— Woodbourue (Cr), Durham, Ruth (Fr.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Delaware— lHayeTfoTd (C. E. S.), N. W. part of the county, Dr. Geo. Smith (Pu.). Chester— (F.). Lancaster— Fulton Tyvp. (Pr.). Berks— Hamburg (Br.) (Cr.) (Ke.). Burlington — Medford (Br.), Brown Mills, Hanover (C). Salem — Riddleton, Middlesex, Woodbridge (C). New Castle — Brandywine, Tatnall; Dixons, Commons; Iron Hill, Canhy. 2, Ophioglossum arenarium E. G. Britton. M. p. 2. Sandy soil. Sum- mer. Cape May— Near Wild wood. 2. BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Moonwort. Bud for the following year enclosed in the base of the stem. Leaf rising above the middle of the stem, small plants maturing in early summer. 1. B. matricariaefolium. Leaf rising from little above rootstock. Vernation wholly straight; bud smooth; leaf entire or 2-6-lobeda (fare— Ridley Creek, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). Lancaster— York Furnace, Tucquan, Georgetown (P.). 2. AsPLENiUM EBENOiDES R. R. Scott. M. p. 11. Limestone. Summer. Montgomery— Yiast side Schuylkill (C. E. S.). Lancaster— York Fur- nace (Cr.). Lehigh— (P.). Northampton— Glendoa. (P.). 3. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. M, p. 11. Rocky open woods. Summer. 4. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. M. p. 11. Shaded cliffs. Summer. 5. ASPLENIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Michx. M. p. 12. Rich woods. Autumn. Philadelphia — Manayunk (Gi.). Lancaster — Peach Bottom. Berks — Reading (P.). 6. ASPLENIUM RuTA-MURARiA L. M. p. 12. Limestone cliffs. Summer. Bucls — Riegelsville (Fr.). Montgomery — Conshohocken (C. E. S.). Chester— Brook's Mill (Fl. C). Lancaster— Millersville (Cr.). Lehigh — Helfrich's Springs (Kr.). Northampton— Haston, Porter (B. C). 7. ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Willd. M. p. 12. Rocks. Summer. Chester — Octoraro Creek (Le.) (St.). Lancaster — York Furnace, Tuc- quan (Ca.) (Sa.), Fites Eddy (St.). Le/w'^ft— Idlewild (Kr.). North- ampton — Easton (P.). 8. ASPLENIUM Bradleyi D. C. Eaton. M. p. 12. Rocks. Summer. Lancaster— Tucquan, near Muddy Run (Br.). 9. ASPLENIUM ACROSTICHOIDES Sw. M. p. 12. Rich woods. Summer. 10. ASPLENIUM EiLix-FOEMiNA (L.) Bernh. M. p. 12. In woods, thickets and along fences. Summer. 8. CAMPTOSORUS Link. 1. Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Walhing Fern. M. p. 13. Shaded rocks. Summer. Philadelphia,— 'Bj'berry, Mart. (B. C), above Manayunk (He.), Wissa- 12 FLOFiA OF PEILADELPEIA. hickon (Ee.) (Te.)j Shawniont (Sa.), Lafayette (Te.). Bucl's—Argua (Fr.) (Ja.), Zieglersville (Je.), Sumneytown (VP.), Neshaminy, Eush- land, Center Bridge (Ws.)- Moiitgomery—ljafajette (Wn.). Delaware — Eockdale, Glen Mills, Eidley Greek, Whiskey Eun (Fu.), Swarthmore (Pe.)j Columbine Eocks, Haverford, Mount Misery, Lenni (B. Sm.), Con- cord (W. Tr.), Chad's Ford (Wn,). C^esier— Valley Forge (Ke.), near Mortonville (St.). Lamcaster— York Furnace. Le/w^7i— Saegersville, P. A. Lantz (B. C), Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— AhoYe Easton, Porter (B. C). Mercer — Princeton (Te.). Sunterdon — Eosemont, Lambertville, Mil- ford (C). New Castle — Jessups, Mount Cuba, etc. 9, POLYSTICHUM Eoth. 1. PoLYSTiCHUM ACROSTiCHOiDES (Miolix.) Schott. Christmas Fern. M. p. 14. Eocky woods. Summer. 10. DEYOPTEEIS Adans. Shield Fern. Texture thin-membranous; veins simple or once forked; leaves pinnatifid. Lower pinute very much reduced. 1. D. Noveboracensis. Lower pinnae little smaller than the middle ones. Veins 1-2-forked; sori crowded, 10-12 to a segment. 2. D. Thelypteris. Veins simple; sori larger, distant 4-10 to a segment. 3. D. simulata. Texture firmer, sometimes subcoriaceous ; veins forking freely. Leaves 2-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate; segments not spinulose. Indusia large, thinnish, flat. Pinna3 widest at base. 4. D. cristata. Pinnae widest at middle. 5. D. Goldieana. Indusia convex, without marginal glands. 6. D. marginalis. Leaves 2-pinnate or 3-pinnatifid; segments spinulose-toothed. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, usually not narrowed below; scales of the stipe usually with dark centre. 7. Z>. spinulosa var. Leaves elongated-lanceolate, usually narrowed at the base; scales of stipe pale brown. 8. D. Boottii. 1, Dryopteris Noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 14. Moist woods. Summer. 2. Dryopteris Thelypteris (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 14. Marshes. Summer. 3. Dryopteris simulata Davenp. M. p. 15. Damp woods and shaded swamps. Chester— Fsioli (Cr.). 4, Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 15. Swamps and wet woods. Summer. 4a. Dryopteris cristata Clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Underw. M. p. 15. Swampy woods. Summer. Philadelphia — Wynnewood (Ee.). Delaware — Swarthmore (St.), near Newtown Square (VP.). C/iester— Willistown Twp. (Pr.). Northampton —Bangor (Pr.). Camden— Little Timber Creek (C). Mercer— Trenton (C). New Castle — Near Mount Cuba, Commons. POLYPODIACEAE. 13 5. Dkvopteeis Goldieaxa (Hook.) A. Gray. M. p. 15. Rich woods. Smn- nier. Philadelphia— ^iassihickon Creek above Manayunk, Mart. (B. C), Pennypack (Re.). 5wcA's— Springfield (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Dela- ware— Bishop's Mills (Fu.), Concord (W. Tr.), Middletown (S. Tr.). Chester— (P.). BerAs— Reading (P.). Le/n^/Zi— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). N 01-thampt on— 'Easton (Ca.). New Castle— 'Brajady wine, Tatnall; Harvey, Commons and Tatnall. 6, Drvopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 15. Rocky woods. Sum- mer. 7a. Dryopteris spinulosa intermedia (Muhl.) Underw. M. p. 16. Woods. Summer. Pennsylvania — General. 7&. Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata (Hoffm.) Underw. M, p. 16. Woods. Summer. Pennsylvania— GQUQT^i. 8. Dryopteris Boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw. M. p. 16. Moist woods. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.). Montgomery— (P.). BerJcs—Heistev (P.). Neiv Castle — 2 miles S. W. of Wilmington, Commons. 11. PHEGOPTERIS Fee. Beech Fern. Leaves triangular, 2-pinnatifid; pinnae sessile, adnata to the winged rachia. Leaves longer than broad, usually dark green. 1. P. Phegopteris. Leaves as broad as long or broader, usually light green. 2. P. hexagonoptera. Leaves ternate, with the three divisions petioled; rachis wingless. 3. P. Dryopteris. 1. Phegopteris Phegopteris (L.) Underw. M. p. 16. Damp woods. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— GTSiY&r 'a Lane Station (C. E. S.). Lehigh— Lia-nTei Hill (Kr.). Northampton— Maston Creek (P.). 2. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee. M. p. 16. Open woods. Summer. 3. Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fee. Oak Fern. M. p. 17. Moist woods and swamps. Summer. Philadelphia— GraveT 's Lane Station (C. E. S.). lfoni<70?ner^— Rock- ledge (Br.). IfeZaware — Wallingf ord (Ca.) (Pr.), Chester — (P.). Lancaster— Peach Bottom (Cr.) (Le.). A''ori/iam2->io?i— Glendon (P.). 12. FILIX Adans. Bladder Fern. Leaves broadest at base, long-tapering, bearing bulblets beneath. 1. F. bulb if era. Leaves scarcely broader at base, short-pointed; no bulblets. 2. F. frag ills. 1. FiLix bulbifera (L.) Underw. M. p. 17. Shaded ravines. Summer. BwcAs— Narrowsville, Point Pleasant (Ws.). Montgomery— Conaho- hocken, E. Durand {B. C). Chester— Goatesville (lie.) (St.). Lancaster — Conestoga (Cr.) (Gi.), Pequea Creek (Pr.). Le/iif/J'i— Hokendauqua Creek, Rockdale (Kr.). Northampton— 'Wind Gap (He.). 14 FLOSA OF FHILADELPHIA. 2, FlLix FRAGlLis (L.) UndcTW. M. p. 17. Shaded cliffs and rocky woods. Summer. General, but not in southern New Jersey except Burlington — Medford (Br.). 13. WOODSIA E. Br. Indusium minute or evanescent, flat, concealed beneath the sorus, its margin cleft into slender hair-like segments. 1. TV. Ilve7isis. Indusium distinct, at first enclosing the sporanges, splitting into jagged lobes. 2. W. obtusa. 1. WooDSiA Ilvensis (L.) E. Br. M. p. 18. Exposed rocks. Summer. Buds— Noekamixon. C/iesier— Black Eock (Fl. C). Lehigh— l^era's Mill, near Whitehall (Kr.). 2. WoODSiA OBTUSA (Spreng.) Torr. M. p. 18. Eocks. Summer. 14. DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh. 1, DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTiLOBULA (Michx.) Moore. M. p. 19. Open places. Summer. 15. MATTEUCCIA Todaro. 1. Matteuccia Stbuthiopteris (L.) Todaro. Ostrich Fern. M. p. 19. Alluvial soil. Summer. Philadelphia — Upper Wissahickon (Ee.). Bucks — Nockamixon. Lan- caster—York Furnace (Br.). Lehigh— Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin— (P.). Burlington— Crosswick's Creek (C). Eunterdon—Bosemont, Bull's Island, Frenchtowm, Lambertville (C). 16. ONOCLEA L. 1. Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern. M. p. 19. Moist soil. Summer, Order 2. SALVINIALES. Family 1. MARSILIACEAE R. Br. 1. MAESILIA L. 1. Marsilia quadrifolia L. M. p. 20. In water. Summer. Delatvare—Crum Lynn (Le.). Orders. EQUISETALES. Family 1. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horsetail Family. 1. EQUISETUM L. Horsetail. Stems annual ; stomata scattered. Stems of two kinds, the fertile appearing in early spring before the sterile. Fertile stems simple, soon withering; sheaths of branches of sterile stems 4-toothed. 1. F. arvense. Fertile stems branched when old, only the apex withering. 2. E. sylvaticum. LTCOPODIALES. 15 Stems all alike; spores mature in summer; branches simple or none. Sheaths rather loose; branches usually long; stems bushy below, attenuate upwards. 3. E. littorale. Sheaths appressed; branches usually short. 4. E. fluviatile. Stems perennial, evergreen; spikes tipped with a rigid point; stomata in regular rows. Stems rough and tuberculate, prominently ridged. 5. E. hyemale. Stems not tuberculate; sheaths enlarged upwards. 6. E. laevigatum. 1. Equisetum arvense L. Common Horsetail. M. p. 22. Sandy soil. Early spring. 2. Equisetum sylvaticum L. M. p. 22. Wet, shady places. Spring. Philadelphia— Tioga. Station, Mart. (B. C), Gorgas Station (Je.). BwcAs— Nockamixon (Cr.), Quakertown (Le.), Morrisville (Ws.). Dela- ware— Kayer ford (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— GreentTee (Pr.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— Salshnrg (Kr.), Lehigh Mountain, Dr. J. B. Brinton (U. C. S.). Northampton— (F.) . New Castle — On limestone debris, Hockessin. 3. Equisetum littorale Kuehl. M. p. 22. Sandy Eiver shores. Bucks — Point Pleasant (Fr.). Delaware — (P.). Northampton — Easton (P.). Lancaster and Dauphin— On the Susquehanna (P.). 4. Equisetum fluviatile L. M. p. 23. In shallow water. Summer. ^wcts— Nockamixon (He.), Penn Valley (Ja.). Delaware— Chester (B. Sm.). LeM^/i— Slatingdon (Kr.). Northampton— {F.). Camden— 'Kaighn's Point (Ja.). New Castle— Fort Penn (Pr.), Holly Oak, Canhy. 5. Equisetum hyemale L. Scouring Rush. M. p. 23. Wet places. Spring. £mcA:s— Nockamixon (He.) (Ke.), New Hope (Ws.). Delaware— ^aviSk (Sa.), Ridley Creek, near Media (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Walling- ford (Wn.). Chester— {F.). Lancaster— Far addse (St.). Lehigh— Co-p- lay (Kr.). Northampton — ^ethleheva. (Pr.). Burlington— 'Rirvaingham, Vincentown (C), Medford (Sts.). Glouces- ter— Westyille (He.) (Wn.). ^aiem— Woodstown (He.) (Li.). Cum- berland — Millville (Je.). Monmouth — Keyport (C). New Castle— 'NoxentoYfn, Canhy ; Kiemensi, Faulkland, Centerville, Commons; Harvey, Tatnall. 6. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. M. p. 23. Along streams and rivers in clay soil. Northampton — Easton (P.). Order 4. LYCOPODIALES. Spores all of one sort and size. Fam. 1. Lycopodiaceae. Spores of two sizes. Leaves scale-like, 4-many-rank6d, on branching stems. Fam. 2. Selaginellaceae. Leaves elongated, clustered on a corm-like trunk ; aquatic or mud plants. Fam. 3. Isoetaceae. Family 1. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Club-moss Family. 1. LYCOPODIUM L. Club-moss. Sporanges borne in the axils of leaves, which are similar to those of the stem. 16 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. Sporanges mostly wanting in the axils of the upper, mostly 8-ranked leaves. 1. L. lucidulum. Sporanges only in the axils of the upper leaves, forming terminal spikes; leaves many-ranked. Plant slender; leaves acute, soft, mostly entire. 2. L. inundatum. Plant stout; leaves narrow, spinulose-pointed, bristle-toothed be- low the middle. 3. L. alopecuroides. Sporanges borne in the axils of yellowish ovate or cordate scale-like leaves, which are very unlike those of the sterile stems. Stems leafy up to the base of the spike or nearly so. 4. L. dbscurum. Fertile branches with minute leaves so that the spikes appear long- peduncle d. Leaves imiform, many-ranked; stems terete. 5. L. clavatum. ') Leaves of 2 fomis, few-ranked; stems flattened. Sterile stems entirely creeping; spikes solitary. 6. L. Carolmianum. Sterile stems vidth fan-like ascending branches; spikes clus- tered. 7. L. complanatum. 1. Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. M. p. 24. Cold, damp woods. Summer, 2. Lycopodium inundatum L. M. p. 25. Sandy bogs. Summer. ^wcA-s— TuUytown (Fr.). DeZaware— Tinicum, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.). New Jersey — Common in the pine barrens. 2a. Lycopodium inundatum Bigelovii Tuckerra. M. p. 25. Low grounds, Delaware — Tinicum (P.). 3. Lycopodium alopecuroides L. M, p. 25. Pine-barren swamps. Sum- mer. ^Mcis— Tullytown (Fr.). Delatvare—Tinieum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), New Jersey — Common in the pine barrens. New Casiie— Thompsons, Ogletown, etc. 4. Lycopodium obscurum L. M. p. 25, Moist woods. Summer. Philadeli)hia — Wissahickon (VP.), Z)etat(;a?-e — Swarthmore (Ws.), Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Burlington— Moovestovfn, New Lisbon (C). Camden— Camden, Atco (C), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester— Swedeshovo (Li.). Salem— Woods- town (Wa.). Atlantic— Hammonton (C). Neiv Castle — Scarce. 5. Lycopodium clavatum L. M. p. 25. Woods. Summer. Buds— MiUord Twp., Moyer (P.). Montgomery— Kbxmdant at Jenk- intown (Ws.). Detoua^e— Lansdowne (Pe.), Valley of Darby Creek (B, Sm.), Tinicum (W. Tr.). Chester — {P.). Lancaster— {P.). Gloucester— M.\ck\eton (C), Cumberland — Millville (Je.). Neio CasiZe— Farnhurst. 6. Lycopodium Carolinianum L. M. p. 26. Wet pine barrens. Summer. New Jersey — Frequent. 7. Lycopodium complanatum L. Ground Pine. M. p. 26. Woods and thickets. Summer. ISOETACEAE. 17 Family 2. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. 1. SELAGINELLA Beauv. Stem-leaves all alike, many-ranked. 1. S. rupestris. Stem-leaves of 2 kinds; 4-ranked, spreading in 2 planes. 2. S. apus^ 1. Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring. M. p. 26. Dry rocks. Summer. Philadelphia— Above Manayunk, Mart. (B. C). BwcAs— Nockamixon (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— York Furnsice (B.e.) (Ke.). Berks— (P.). NorthamptoJi — 'Easton (P.). Hunterdon— MiUord (C). New Castle— Bockj Ridge, Point Lookout. 2. Selaginella apus (L.) Spring. M. p. 27. Low shady places. Summer. Family 3. ISOETACEAE Underw. Quillwort Family. 1. ISOETES L. Quillwort. Submerged or rarely emersed in very dry seasons; leaves quadrangular, without peripheral bast-bundles. Stomata wanting; macrospores crested. 1. /. lacustris. Stomata present; macrospores echinate. 2. I. echinospora var. Amphibious or submerged only in earlier stages; stomata always present on the quadrangular leaves. Peripheral bast-bundles wanting. 3. I. riparia. Peripheral bast-bundles present. Macrospores sparsely covered with irregular crests. 4. I. Dodgei. Macrospores with honeycomb-like reticulations. 5. 7. Engelvianni. 1. IsoETES LACUSTRIS L. M. p. 27. Ponds. Summer. Delaware— Darlo J (B. Sm.). 2a. IsOETES ECHINOSPORA Braunii (Durieu) Engelm. M. p. 28. Ponds. Autumn. Ocean — Toms River (C). 26. IsoETES ECHINOSPORA ROBUSTA Engelm. M. p. 28. Ponds. Autumn. Bucls—'Durha.m, Euth (Fr.) 3. IsoETES RIPARIA Engelm. M. p. 28. Gravelly shores. Summer. Fhiladelphia—Torres&ale (Wn.). BmcA's— Andalusia, Mart. (Fr.), Tul- lytown (Fr.). Deto ware— Tinicum (Fu.), banks of the Delaware (B. Sm.). Camden— Cooper's Point, Mart. (B. C). GioMcester- Delaware, oppo- site Chester (Le.), Timber Creek (Te.). New CasiZe- River shore, B. Soopes, Canhy, Commons. 4. IsoETES DoDGEi A. A. Eaton. M. p. 29. Mud flats. Summer. Buds— Point Pleasant, Dr. Geo. Best (Fr.). 5. IsoETES Engelmanni a. Br. M. p. 29. Shallow ponds and ditches. Autumn. Bucks— 'Sear Perkasie (Fr.), Riegelsville, E. A. Eau (Fr.). Lancaster — Smithville (Ca.). Camden — Camden (C). New Casi?e— Thompsons, Farnhurst, Ogletown. 18 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5a. IsoETES Engelmanni valida Engelin. M. p. 29. Ponds and ditches. Autumn. Lancaster— Smithville (P.). 5b. IsoETES Engelmanni gracilis Engelm, M. p. 29. Ponds and ditches. Autumn. jBucA's— Sellersville (Fr.). De?au-are— Tinicum (P.). Subkingclom SPERMAPHYTA. Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Order 1. FINALES. Pistillate flowers several, with carpellary scales; fruit a cone, either dry or berry-like. Fam. 1. Pittuceae. Pistillate flowers solitary, without carpellary scales; fruit drupaceous or baccate. Fam. 2. laxaceae. I^amilyl. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. Conifers. Scales of the cone numerous; leaf -buds scaly. Cone-scales woody; leaves needle-shaped, 2-5 in a sheath. 1. Pinus. Cone-scales thin; leaves linear-filiform, solitary or clustered without sheaths. 2. Tsuga. Scales of the cone few (3-12) ; leaf-buds naked. Cone globose, its scales peltate. 3. Chamaecy parts. Fruit fleshy, berry-like, a modified cone. 4. Jwniperus. 1. PINUS L. Leaves 5 in a sheath ; cone-scales little thickened at the tip. 1. P. Strobus. Leaves 2-3 in a sheath ; cone-scales much thickened at the tip. Leaves some or all of them in 2 's. Cones conic, 3-7 cm. long, their scales tipped with prickles. Leaves stout, 3-6 cm. long. 2. P. Firginiana. Leaves slender, 7-13 cm. long. 3. P. echinata. Cones 8-12 cm. long, their scales tipped with very stout, short spines. 4. P. pungens. Leaves in 3 's (very rarely in 2 's or 4's). Leaves 1.5-2.5 dm. long; old sheaths 1-2.5 cm. long; cones oblong- conic. 5. P. Taeda. Leaves 7-13 cm. long; old sheaths 0.6-1.2 cm. long; cones ovoid, base flat. 6. P. rigida. 1. PiNUS Strobus L. White Pine. M. p. 31. In woods, frequently in cultivation. Early summer. Buclcs — Rock Hill (Fr.), Buckingham (Ws.). Montgomery — Shannon- ville (Cr.), Edge Hill (Re.), Schuylkill at Lafayette (Ws.). Delaware— Haverford (Le.), Concord (W. Tr.). C}iester—{V.). Lancaster — (P.). Lehigh — Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Camden — Berlin (C). Gloucester— y^oo&hvirj (C), Swedesboro (Li.). Monmo^dh — Pinebrook (C). Middlesex — Woodbridge (C). FIN ACE AE. 19 New Cosine— Faulkland, Commons. 2. PiNUS ViRGlNiANA Mill. New Jersey or Scrub Pine. M. p. 32. Sandy soil. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherry, Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (Re.). Buds— Banks of the Delaware (Fr.) (Ws.), Narrowsville (Mac). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Lancaster— {P.). NorthamjAon—^P.). New Jersey — Common outside the pine barrens. New Casf/e— Peach's, Ogletown, etc. Fi-equent. 3. PiNUS ECHINATA Mill. Y cUow Pine. M. p. ^. Usually in dry or sandy soil. Spring. Mont^ojneri/— Shannonville (Cr.). De/ait-are— Radnor (Fu.), Chester (W. Tr.). Lancaster— Manhehw (Ca.). Burlington— M&d.io'cA (Br.), Quaker Bridge (He.), Brown Mills (Te.). Camden — Ancora (Gi.),Winslow (Re.). Giowcesfer— Mickleton, Swedes- boro (Li). Cumberland — Fairton, Bridgeton (C). Atlantic — May's Landing (Ha.), Hammonton (C). Ocean — New Egypt (C), Davenport (Mac). Middlesex— ^owih. Amboy (C). 4. PiNUS PUNGENS Michx. f. Table Mountain Pine. M. p. 32. Woods. Spring. Lancaster— Yor^ Furnace (Cr.), McCall's Ferry (Le.). £er*fc— Ham- burg (Cr.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (Me.). Hunterdon — Sergeantsville (C). 5. PiNus TAEDA L. Loblolly or Old-Field Fine. M. p. 32. Wet clay or dry sandy soil. Spring. Cape Mai/— Near Cape May. Neiv Castle— Blackbird Head, Commons. 6. PiNUS RIGIDA Mill. Fitch Pine. M. p. 33. Sandy or barren soil. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wissahiakon (Re.). ^Mcfcs—Sellersville, Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware — Swarthmore (Ws.) Chester— (P.). Lancaster — (P.). Lehigh — Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— {P.). New Jersey — Common, mainly restricted to the pine barrens. Neiv Castle — Fernhook, Canby; Centerville, Commons. 2. TSUGA Carr. 1. TsuGA Canadensis (L.) Carr. HemlocJc. M. p. 34. Mostly hilly or rocky woods. Spring. Philadelphia — Wissahickon. 5mcA"s— Sellersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Mac), Neshaminy (Ws.). Montgomery— Aho\eM.anayunk (Sa.). Dela- ware— Jjansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.) (Sa.) (Ws.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Valley of Cnim Creek (VP.), Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter — Near Laurel, Octoraro (St.). Lancaster — (P.). Lehigh — Rockdale (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Burlington, Vincentown (C). Gloucester — Near Swedes- boro (Li.). Ocean— New Egypt (C). New Castle— Odessa, Greenbank, Commons; near Allapokas. 20 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. CHAMAECYPAEIS Spaeh. 1. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. p. White Cedar. M. p. 36. Cedar swamps. Spring. Bucks— Bristol (P.). New Jersey — Common in the pine barrens. New Cas^ie— Collins Beach. 4. JUNIPEEUS L. Leaves all subulate, prickly-pointed, verticillate ; aments axillary. 1. J. communis. Leaves of two kinds ; scale-like and subulate, mostly opposite ; aments ter- minal. 2. J. Virginiana. 1. JuxiPERus COMMUNIS L. Conwwn Juniper. M. p. 36. Dry sterile hills. Spring. 2. JuNiPEEus Virginiana L. Fied Cedar. Savin. M. p. 37. Dry hills. Spring. Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Rich. Bald Cypress. In cultivation. Spring. Sequoia gigantea Decaisne. Delaware — Roadside near Painter's Arboretum. Family 2. TAXACEAE Lindl. 1. TAXUS L. 1. Taxus Canadensis Marsh. American Yew, Ground Hemlocl-. M, p. 37. Moist banks and hills, especially under evergreens. Spring. 5wcis— Nockamixon (Fr.), Neshaminy, Doylestown (VP.), Upper Black's Eddy, Bedminster (Fr.). Montgomery — Areola (Cr.). Chester — Black Rock (P.), Phoenixville (Sa.). Le/ii^^i— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). NortJiampton—HokendavLqaB. (Kr.), Bethlehem (Me.). Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. Subclass!. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Order 1. PANDANALES. Flowers in elongated spikes. Fam. 1. Typhaceae. Flowers globose. Fam. 2. Sparganiaceae. Family 1. TYPHACEAE J. St, Hil. Cat-tail Family. 1. TYPHA L. Cat- Tail. Spikes dark brown or black, the pistillate and staminate usually contiguous, the former without bractlets; stigmas spatulate or rhomboid; pollen 4- grained. 1. T. lati folia. Spikes light brown, the pistillate and staminate usually distant, the former with bractlets ; stigmas linear ; pollen in simple grains. 2. T. angustifolia. 1. Typha latifolia L. M. p. 39. In marshes. Summer. NAIADACEAE. 21 2. Typha angustifolia L. 'M. p. 39. lu marshes. Summer, Family 2. SPARGANIACEAE Agardli. Bur-reed Family. 1. SPARGANIUM L. Bur-Eeed. Fruit sessile. 1. S. eurycarpum. Fruit stalked. 2. S. androcladim. 1. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. M. p. 39. Marshes and along streams. Summer, 2, Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, M, p, 39, Bogs or shal- low water. Summer, Order 2, NAIADALES. Perianth, if present, inferior; carpels mostly distinct. Perianth-segments, when present, herbaceous. Carpels distinct ; aquatic herbs. Fam. 1. Naiadaceae. Carpels united until maturity; bog plants; flowers racemed or spiked. Fam. 2. Scheuchseriaceae. Perianth of two series of segments, the outer green; the inner mostly white. Fam. 3. Alismaceae. Perianth superior; carpels united, Fam. 4. Vallisneriaceae. Family 1. NAIADACEAE Lindl. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 4 distinct segments. 1. Potamogeton. Perianth none; flowers naked. 2. Buppia. Flowers monoecious or dia3cious. Leaves entire. Leaves 1-nerved, 2-8 cm, long, 0,5 mm, or less wide, 3, Zannicliellia. Leaves many-nerved, 0.3-1.6 m. long, 2-8 mm. wide. 5. Zostera. Leaves spiny-toothed on the margins. 4. Naias. 1, POTAMOGETON L, Pondweed, Stipules axillary and free from the leaf. "With floating and submerged leaves. Submerged leaves bladeless. Drupelets barely keeled; nutlets more or less pitted, 1. P. natans. Drupelets 3-keeled; nutlets not pitted, 2, P, Oalesianus. Submerged leaves with a proper blade. Submerged leaves of 2 kinds, lanceolate and oval or oblong. Uppermost leaves broadly oval or elliptic, lowest lanceo- late, 3. P. amplifolius. Uppermost leaves lanceolate and pellucid, lowest oblong and opaque. 4. P. pulcher. Submerged leaves all alike. Blades of the submerged leaves linear or nearly so throughout. Blades the same breadth throughout, obtusely pointed, coarsely cellular-reticulated in the middle. 5. P. Nuttallii. Blades dilated at base, acute, without cellular reticu- lation. 7. P. heterophyllus. Blades of the submerged leaves lanceolate. 6. P. lonchites. 22 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. With submerged leaves only. Without propagating buds and without glands. Leaves with broad blades, mostly lanceolate or ovate, many- nerved. 8. P. perfoliatus. Leaves with narrow blades, linear or oblong-linear, several- nerved. 12. P. foliosus. Leaves with narrow blades, capillary or setaceous, 1-nerved or nerveless. 9. P. confervoides. With propagating buds or glands, or both. With buds, but without glands. Leaves serrulate, 3-7-nerved. 10. P. crisjms. Leaves entire, with 3 principal and many fine nerves. 11. P. zosteraefolius. With both buds and glands. Glands large and translucent, buds rare. 13. P. obtusifolius. Glands small, often dull; buds common. 14. P. pusillus. Stipules adnate to the leaves or petioles. With both floating and submerged leaves. Submerged peduncles as long as the spikes, clavate, often recur^-ed. 15. P. diversifolius. Submerged spikes sessile or nearly so. 16. P. Spirillus. With submerged leaves only. Drupelets without keels or obscurely keeled. 17. P. pectinatiis. Drupelets strongly 3-keeled. 18. P. Eobbinsii. 1. POTAMOGETON NATANS L. M. p. 42. Ponds and streams. Summer. 2. POTAMOGETON Oakesianus Eobbins. M. p. 42. Still water. Summer. Burlington— Brown Mills (C). Atlmitic—Bstelville (C), Mill Pond 10 miles west of Atlantic City (He.). Oceon— Forked Eiver (Le.). 3. POTAMOGETON AMPLiFOLius Tuckenn. M. p. 43. Ponds and rivers. Summer. Philadelphia — Schuylkill above Philadelphia (Cr.). Buds — Hoot's Dam (Fr.). Delaware— Rifle Range (Cr.). Le7itc//i— Lehigh River (Kr.). Northampton— (P.) . Camden— In the Delaware (C). Gloucester— Big Timber Creek (He.). 4. POTAMOGETON PULCHER Tuckerm. M. p. 43. Ponds. Summer. JSmcA's— Bristol (Cr.). Lehigh— {P.). Northampton— {P.). Gioitcesier— Eepaupo (Li.) (Wn.). ^aZem— Elmer (C). Cape May— Wildwood (C). Atlantic— k.t\?int\Q.C\tj (C). Oceo?i — Toms River (C). New Castle— Col. Andrews, T at nail ; Newport, Commons; Shelpot Creek, Cedar Swamp, Commons. 5. POTAMOGETON NuTTALLii Cham. & Sch. M. p. 43. Ponds and streams. Summer. 6. POTAMOGETON LONCHITES Tuckerm. M. p. 43. Ponds and slow streams. Late summer. Philadelphia— Angora, C. A. Boice (Te.). Delaware— Tirn.cViVa. (B. Sm.). Lojicosier— Opposite Marietta (Le.), Safe Harbor (P.). North- ampfo?!— Easton (P.). Gloucester— Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— C'herr J Island, Commons. 7. POTAMOGETON HETEROPHYLLUS Schreb. M. p. 44. Still or flowing water. Summer. NAIADACEAE. 23 8. PoTAMOGETON PERFOLiATUS L. M. p. 45. Ponds and streams. Summer. 9. PoTAMOGETON CONFEBVOIDES Eeichb. M. p. 45. Cold ponds. Summer.. Burlington — Atsion, Pleasant Mills (C), Brown Mills, Tuckertou (Te.). Camden — Atco (C). Gloucester — Malaga (C). Atlantic — Mill pond 10 miles west of Atlantic City (He.). Ocean— Forked River (Cr.) (He.). 10. POTAMOGETON CRISPUS L. M. p. 46. Flowing or stagnant, fresh or brackish water. Summer. Lancaster— Conestoga Creek (P.). N ortJiampt on— IjQh'igh River and Bushkill Creek (P.). Camden — In the Delaware (C). Hunterdon — In the Delaware (C). 11. PoTAMOGETON zosTERAEFOLius Schum. M. p. 46. Still or running water. Summer. Lancaster— Susquehanna River (P.). 12. POTAMOGETON FOLiosus Raf. M. p. 46. Ponds and streams. Summer. 5Mcts— Sellersville (Fr.). La/ic'asfer— Susquehanna, A. P. Garber (B. C), Paradise (St.). Salem — Salem, Woodstown (Li.). New Castle — Common. 13. POTAMOGETON OBTUSiFOLius Mert. & Koch. M. p. 46. still water. Summer. Lancaster— CP.). Northampton — 'Easton (P.). 14. POTAMOGETON PUSiLLUS L. M. p. 47. Ponds and slow streams. Sum- mer. 15. POTAMOGETON DiVERSiFOLius Raf. M. p. 48. Shallow or stagnant water. Summer. 16. POTAMOGETON Spibillus Tuckerm. M, p. 48. Ponds and ditches. Summer. Bucks— Bock Kill (Fr.). Detott-are— Haverford (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Lan- caster—Susquehanna (Cr.). Co Widen- Delaware River (C). GZotfcester- Westville (Li.). 17. POTAMOGETON PECTiNATus L. M. p. 49. Fresh, brackish, or salt water. Summer. La/icasier— Susquehanna (Cr.) (Le.) (Pr.), Peach Bottom (Pr.). Le/ii^jr/i- Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton— Black Horse Tavern (P.). DaM2>/itn— Steelton (Wn.). Ocean— Island Heights (Mac). Hunterdon— In the Delaware (C). 18. POTAMOGETON RoBBiNSii Oakes. M. p. 49. Ponds and slow streams. Summer, iancasier— Susquehanna River (P.). Northampton— 'Lehigh.'Rivev (P.). Atlantic— VlQ&sant Mills, E. Difenbaugh (B. C). New Castle— Canal, Delaware City, Commons. 2. RUPPIA L. Ditch-Grass. 1. RuPPiA MARiTiMA L. M. p. 50. Shallow bays along coast. Summer. 24 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. ZANNICHELLIA L. Horned Pondweed. 1. ZANNICHELLIA PALUSTRis L. M. p. 50. Fresh or brackish ponds. Sum- mer. Bucl:s—A-ada\i\sia,Mart. (Fr.). Delaware— Tinicum, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). Oceo?i— Forked Eiver (Cr.) (Ja.). New Castle— I'ort Penn, Brandywine Creek, East Channel. 4. NAIAS L. Naiad. 1. Naias tlexilis (Willd.) Kost. & Schmidt. M, p. 51. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. ^Mcfcs— Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster — Susquehanna opposite Marietta (Le.). North- amptonSajloT Lake, Wind Gap (He.). Camden— Delaware Eiver, Camden, Mart. (B. C). Gloucester— 'Re- paupo Meadows (He.), Big Timber Creek (Li.). New Castle— Common. 5. ZOSTERA L. 1. ZosTERA marina L. Grass-ivracl; , Eel-grass. M. p. 51. Shoal water of bays along coast. Summer. Family 2. SOHEUCHZERIAOEAE Agardh. Leaves all basal; flowers numerous, in a spike-like raceme. 1. Trigloclun. Stem leafy; flowers few in a loose raceme. 2. Scheuclizeria. 1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Arrow-Grass. 1. Triglochin maritima L. M. p. 52. Salt marshes. Summer. Ocean— Point Pleasant (Br.) (Ja.). 2. SCHEUCHZERIA L. 1. ScHEUCHZERiA PALUSTRIS L. M. p. 53. Bogs. Summer. BucTcs-Rook Hill (Cr.). Camden— Longacoming (C). Gloucester — Eepaupo. Family 3. ALISMACEAE DC. Water Plantain Family, Carpels in a ring upon a small, flat receptacle. 1. Alisma. Carpels crowded in many series upon a large convex receptacle. Flowers perfect, staminate or polygamous. 2. Lophotocarpus. Flowers monoecious or dicEcious. 3. Sagittaria. 1. ALISMA L. 1. Alisma Plantago-aquatica L. Water Plantain. M. p. 54. Shallow water and ditches. Summer. 2. LOPHOTOCARPUS T. Durand. 1. Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Smith. M. p. 55. Swamps. Summer. New Cast Ze—Shelpot Creek, Delaware City, Augustine Pier. ALISMACEAE. 25 3. SAGITTARIA L. Arrow-Head. Fertile pedicels slender, aseeuding, not reflexed in fruit. Leaf -blades sagittate; filaments glabrous. Beak of the achene erect. Fruiting pedicels shorter than the bracts; leaves broad. 1. S. longkostra. Fruiting pedicels longer than the bracts; leaves narrow. 2. S. Engelmanniana. Beak of the achene horizontal or oblique. 3. S. latifoUa. Leaf -blades entire, or rarely hastate or cordate. Fruiting heads sessile or very nearly so. 4. S. rigida. Both staminate and pistillate flowers pedicelled. 5. S. graminea. Fertile pedicels stout, reflexed in fruit ; filaments dilated. 6. S. subulata. 1. Sagittakia longirostra (Micheli) J. G. Smith. M. p. 57. In swamps and along ponds. Summer. Delatcare — (P.) . Lancaster — (P.) . 2. Sagittaria Engelmanniana J. G. Smith. M. p. 57. Shallow water. Summer. PJuladelp]iia—4:6t'h and Spruce streets (Mac). BucJis—{P.). North- ampton — (P.). Biirlington— (Quaker Bridge, Brown Mills (C), east of Medford (St.). Gloucester— Westville (Li.). ^tZan tic— Pleasant Mills (C). Ocean- Toms River (Fu.). Monmouth— Sandy Hook (C). 3. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. M. p. 57. In water and wet places. Sum- mer. 3a. Sagittaria latifolia pubescens Muhl. M. p. 57. Shallow water. Summer. £i{cA"s— Sellersville (Fr.). C/iester- Mortonville (St.). Northampton — Seidersville (P.). 4. Sagittaria rigida Pursh. M. p. 58. Swamps or shallow water. Summer. Philadelphia — Bartram's Garden (Mac). Buds — Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (P.). Camden — Camden, Mart. (B. C), Gloucester (Te.). Gloucester — West- ville (He.) (Li.) (Wn.). Hunterdon— Bull Island (C). New Castle—Scarce. 5. Sagittaria graminea Michx. M, p. 59. Mud or shallow water. Sum- mer. BmcA-s— Bristol (Mac.) (Te.). Delaware— Marcus Hook (Fu.). Series — (P.). Northampton — (P.). Camden— Camden, Mart. (B. C). Cape Ma?/- Cape May (Te.). Neio Castle— Delavf are City. 6. Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau. M. p. 59. Tidewater mud. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— Horresdale (Br.). Delaware- Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (P.). Caiw^e« — Shores of the Delaware (C), Fish House (Br.), Washington Park (VP.). Ifercer— Trenton (C). 26 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 6. VALLISNERIACEAE Dumort. Tape-grass Family. Stem branched ; leaves whorled or opposite. 1. Philotria. Aeauleseent; stolonif erous ; leaves grass-like, elongated. 2. Vallisneria. Stem stolonif ero\is ; leaves broad, rounded, cordate, petioled. 3. Limnohium. 1. PHILOTEIA Eaf. Water-aveed. Leaf-blades oblong, elliptic or ovate-oblong. 1. P. Canadensis. Leaf-blades narrowly linear. 2. P. angustifolia. 1. Philotria Canadensis (Michx.) Britton. M. p. 60. Slow streams and ponds. Summer. 2. Philotria angustifolia Muhl. In shallow water. Summer. BticTi's — Point Pleasant, Britton (P.). 2. VALLISNERIA L. 1. Vallisneria spiralis L. Tape-grass. Eel-grass. M. p. 60. In slow waters. Late summer. 3. LIMNOBIUM L. C. Eiehard. 1. LiMNOBiUM SPONGIA (Bosc.) L. C. Eiehard. Frog's-bit. M. p. 61. Stag- nant water. Summer. Monmouth — Swimming Eiver (C). Neiv Castle — Delaware City, Commons. Order 3. GRAMINALES. Leaves 2-ranked, sheaths without united margins. Fruit a caryopsis : culm mostly hollow. Fam. 1. Gramineae. Leaves 3-ranked, sheaths with united margins. Fruit an achene; culm solid. Fam. 2. Cyperaceae. Family 1. GRAMINEAE .Juss. Grass Family. A. Spikelets 1 or 2-fiowered; when 2-flowered the upper fertile, lower stam- inate; rachilla articulated below the scales or the subtending invo- lucre, and not extending beyond the floAvers. Spikelets not flattened laterally. Flowering scale and palet hyaline ; none of the scales spiny. Spikelets monoecious ; staminate and pistillate in the same panicle. I. Maydeae. Spikelets in pairs, perfect, or the pedicellate one staminate, empty, rudimentary, or wanting. II. Andropogoneae. Flowering scale and palet of the perfect flower coriaceous or char- taceous ; spikelets involucrate in Nos. 12 and 13 ; scales 3 or 4. III. Paniceae. Spikelets flattened laterally, 1-flowered; scales 2. IV. Oryzeae. B. Spikelets 1-many-flowered ; rachilla generally articulated above the two lower scales (below them in Nos. 28, 35, and 43) and frequently ex- tending beyond the flower in 1-flowered spikelets. Culms herbaceous. Spikelets upon pedicels in panicles, spike-like panicles or racemes, not in rows. Spikelets with but one perfect flower, which is terminal except in Nos. 31 and 32. GEAMINEAE. 27 Fifth scale enclosing a perfect flower ; palet 1-nerved. V. Phalarideae. Third scale enclosing a perfect flower; palet 2-nerved. VI. Agrostidcae. Spikelets with 2 or more perfect flowers (or one stamiuate in Nos. 35 and 40). Flowering scales generally shorter than the empty lower ones, usually with a bent awn on the back. VII. Aveneae. Flowering scales generally longer than the empty lower ones, unawned or with a straight awn from the apex. IX. Festuceae. Spikelets in two rows, forming a one-sided spike or raceme. VIII. Chlorideae. Spikelets in two opposite rows, forming an equilateral spike. X. Hordeae. (Julms woody, at least at the base; tall reeds. XL Bambuseae. Tribe I. MAYDEAE. Tribe II. ANDEOPOGONEAE. 1. Tripsacum. Spikelets alike, perfect. 2. Eriantlius. Spikelets not alike, the sessile perfect ; the pedicelled staminate empty or wanting. Inflorescence of spike-like silky racemes. 3. Andropogon. Inflorescence paniculate. Pedicelled spikelet present and usually staminate. 4. SorgMim. Pedicelled spikelet wanting. 5. Sorgliastrum. Tribe III. PANICEAE. Spikelets without subtending involucre of bristles or valves. Spikelets all alike. Spikelets arranged in one-sided racemes. Eacemes alternate or scattered, rarely in a terminal pair, or sometimes single and slender; in the latter case the spikelets broadly oval and obtuse. Spikelets of 3 scales. 6. Paspalum. Spikelets of 4 scales. Spikelets awnless, the scales glabrous. 9. Brachiaria. Spikelets with the second and third scales hispid on the nerves and usually long-awned. 10. Echinochloa. Eacemes long and slender, digitate or whorled, sometimes single or in pairs; spikelets lanceolate and acute. 8. Syntherisma. Spikelets arranged in a true panicle, either open or contracted. 11. Panicum. Spikelets of two kinds, one borne on terminal panicles, the other soli- tary on subterranean peduncles and maturing seed. 7. Amphicarpon. Spikelets subtended by an involucre consisting of : 1-many persistent bristles; spikelets in dense spikes or spike-like pani- cles, deciduous. 12. Chaetochloa. Two spine-bearing valves forming a bur enclosing the spikelets and de- ciduous with them. 13. Cenchnis. 28 FLOEA OF PHILADELPHIA. Tribe IV. ORYZEAE. Spikelets monoecious. 14. Zizania. Spikelets not monoecious. 15. Homalocenchrus. Tribe V. PHALARIDEAE. Third and fourth scales not awned; stamens 3. 16. Phalaris. awned upon the back; stamens 2. 17. Anthoxanthum. subtending staminate flowers with 3 stamens; fertile flowers with 2 stamens. 18. Savastana. Tribe VI. AGEOSTIDEAE. Flowering scale indurated at maturity, of firmer texture than the empty, and closely enveloping the grain. RachiUa not prolonged beyond the palet. Flowering scale with a three-branched awn; stamens mostly 3. 19. Aristida. Flowering scale with a simple awn. Flowering scale narrow; awn persistent. Awn tortuous or twisted, stout; callus evident. 20. Stipa. Awn straight, very slender; callus minute. 22. Muhlenhergia. Flowering scale broad; awn slender, straight, deciduous; cal- lus obtuse. 21. Oryzopsis. Eachilla with a pedicel-like extension beyond the palet; stamens 2. 23. Brachyelytrum. Flowering scales hyaline or membranous at maturity; empty scales coarser; grain loose. Spikelets in a dense spike-like panicle. (Some species of 27 may be looked for here.) Spikelets 6 mm. or less long. Spikelets readily deciduous at maturity. Empty scales not awned. 26. Alopecurus. Emj)ty scales awned. 28. Polypogoit. Spikelets not deciduous; empty scales persistent. Flowering scales slightly exceeding the empty ones. 24. Heleochloa. Flowering scales much shorter than the empty ones. 25. Phleum. Spikelets 10-12 mm. long; taU seashore grasses. 32. AmmopMla. Spikelets variously panicled; panicle not spike-like, except in a few species of No. 27. Seed loosely enclosed in a pericarp, which opens readily at matur- ity. 27. Sporobolus. Seed adherent to the pericarp. Palet one-nerved; stamen 1; flower plainly stalked; scales not hairy. 29. Cinna. Palet 2-nerved; stamens 3; flower not plainly stalked. Flowering scale bifid, with a delicate awn on its back; rachilla prolonged into a short bristle. 34. Apera. Flowering scale entire ; rachilla not prolonged into a bristle. Callus with a tuft of long hairs at the base (except in some species of No. 31). Rachilla extended beyond the palet. 31. Calamagrostis. Rachilla not extended beyond the palet. 33. Calamovilfa. Callus naked or with very short hairs. 30. Aarostis. GEAMINEAE. 29 Tribe VII. AVENEAE. Spikelets deciduous; lower flower perfect, upper staminate, awned; plant velvety. ■^'^- Holcus. Spikelets not deciduous; empty scales persistent, flowering ones deciduous. Spikelets of 2 perfect flowers; rachilla not prolonged beyond the upper one. 36. Aira. Spikelets 2-many-flowered; racliilla prolonged beyond the upper flower. Awn of flowering scale upon the back, inserted below the teeth. Flowers all perfect, or the upper ones staminate or wanting. Spikelets less than 12 mm. long; grain free, uufurrowed. Flowering scale finely erose-dentate or 2-lobed. 37. Desehampsia. Flowering scale cleft or 2-toothed, with the teeth some- times produced into awns. 38. Trisetum. Spikelets over 12 mm. long; grain furrowed, usually ad- herent to the scales. 39. Avena. Upper flower perfect, lower staminate, its scales strongly awned. 40. Arrhenatherum. Awn from between the lobes or teeth of the flowering scale, gener- ally twisted. 41. Danthonia. Tribe VIII. CHLOEIDEAE. One perfect flower in each spikelet. No empty scales above the flower. Spikelets deciduous. 43. Spartiva. Spikelets not deciduous; empty scales persistent; low, slender grasses. 42. Capriola. One to several empty scales above the flower. Spikelets scattered or remote on filiform spikes. 44. Gymnopogon. Spikelets crowded, sometimes 2-flowered. 45. Atheropogon. Two to three perfect flowers in each spikelet. Spikes with terminal spikelets. 46. Eleusive. Spikes without terminal spikelets, the rachis extending beyond them into a point. 47. Dactyloctenium. Tribe IX. FESTUCEAE. Eachilla with long hairs enveloping the flowering scale; tall aquatic grass, 48. Phragmites. Eachilla and flowering scales naked or hairy, hairs much shorter than the scales. Flowering scale 1-3-nerved, or rarely with faint additional intermediate nerves. Lateral nerves of flowering scale pilose. Interuodes of the rachilla long, the deeply 2-lobed flowering scale attached by a long-pointed callus. 50. Triplasis. Internodes of the rachilla and the callus of the flowering scale short, blunt. Panicle simple or compound, contracted or open, the spike- lets on pedicels of varying length. 49. Tricuspis. Panicle composed of long branches, along which the ap- pressed spikelets are arranged on short pedicels. 51. DipJachne. Lateral nerves of the flowering scale glabrous. Second empty scale similar to the first. 52. Eragrostis. Second empty scale very dissimilar to the first, broad and rounded at the summit. 53. Eatonia. Flowering scales 5-many-nerved. Spikelets with 2 or more of the upper scales empty, broad and en- folding each other. 54. Melica. 30 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. Spikelets with the upper scales flower-bearing, or narrow and abor- tive. Stigmas placed at or near the apex of the ovary. Scales more or less strongly compressed and keeled. Empty basal scales 3-6; spikelets flat, 2-edged. 55. Uniola. Empty basal scales 2; spikelets flattened. Panicle contracted ; spikelets dioecious. 56. DUtichlis. Panicle open ; spikelets perfect. Flowering scales herbaceous, awn-pointed; spikelets collected into one-sided clusters. 57. Dactylis. Flowering scales scarious-margined; rachis glabrous or with webby hairs. .58. Poa. Scales rounded on the back, at least below. Obtuse or siibacute and scarious at the apex, usually toothed. Plainly 5-7-nerved; styles present. 59. Panicularia. Obscurely 5-nerved; no style. 60. Puccinellia. Acute, pointed or awned at the apex. 61. Festuca. Stigmas plainly arising below the apex of the ovary; scales mostly awned. 62. Bromus, Tribe X. HOEDBAE. Spikelets solitary at the notches of the rachis. Flowering scales with their backs turned to the rachis. 63. Lolium. Flo^^'ering scales with their sides turned to the rachis. 64. Agropyron. Spikelets 2-6 at each joint of the rachis; scales mostly long-awned. Spikelets 1-flowered or with the rudiment of a second flower. 65. Hordeum. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Empty scales a little smaller than the flowering ones. 66. Flymus. Empty scales very small or none. 67. Hystrix. Tribe XL BAMBUSEAE. Tall canes with large, flat spikelets in panicles or racemes. 68. Arundinaria. 1. TEIPSACUM L. 1. Tripsacum DACTYLOiDES L. Gama-grass, Sesame-gniss. M. p. 67. Moist soil. Summer. P/H'/odeZp/iia— Bartram's Garden (B. Sm.). DetoR-are— Painter 's Ar- boretum (Fu.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — Islands, York Furnace ((Jr.) (Le.), Fites Eddy (St.). 5ec^s— Near Eeading (P.). Cape Ifai/— Cape May, I. Burk (He.). Atlantic— IS! ear Egg Harbor (C). Monmouth — Monmouth Beach Center (C). Neiv Castle — Above AUapokas. GMAMINEAE. 31 2. ERIANTHUS Michx. Plume-grass. A\Tn spiral. 1- E. alopecuroides. A-n-n straight. 2. E. cor.rpactus. 1. Erianthus alopecuroides (L.) Ell. M. p. 67. Damp soil. Autumn. Burlington— Below Burlington (C). .Giowcesf er—Mickleton, Swedes- boro (C). ^tion ieav Mickleton (He.). 60. PUCCINELLIA Pari. 1. Puccixellia distans (L.) Pari. Spreading Meadow-grass. M. p. 145. Salt marshes along coast and ballast. Philadelphia— GiT?.id Point (Te.). Neic Jersey— Frequent along the coast (C). New Castle— Fort Penn, Collins, Delaware City, Commons; Wilmington, south side, near Market Street, Commons and Tatnall. 61. FESTUCA L. Fescue-grass. Leaves 2 mm. wide or less, usually involute or folded. Annuals; flowering scales long-awned. First scale more than one-half as long as the second; awn not ex- ceeding the length of the flowering scale. 1. F. octoflora. First scale less than one-half as long as the second; awn much longer than the flowering scale. 2. F. Myuros. Perennial; flowering scales short-awned. 3. F. ovina. Leaves 4 mm. wide or more, flat. Flowering scales 5-7 mm. long; spikelets 5-10 flowered. 4. F. elatior. Flowering scales 4 mm. long or less ; spikelets 3-6-flowered. Spikelets very broad ; branches of the panicle spikelet-bearing from the middle* or below. 5. F. Shortii. Spikelets lanceolate; branches of the" panicle elongated, spikelet- bearing at the end. 6. F. nutans. 1. Festuca octoflora Walt. M. p. 146. Dry sterile soil. Summer. Philadelphia — Fyherry, Mart. (B. C). ^wcfcs — Eidge Road (Fr.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {F.). Lancaster— (F.) . North- ampton— F-aaton, Porter (B. C). New Jersey— Common. Neiv Castle — Frequent. 2. Festuca Myuros L. M. p. 146. Dry fields. Summer. Bucks— Fock Hill, Dr. J. B. Brivton (Fr.). Camden— K&ighn "s Point, Mart. (B. C). G^OMcesfer— Mickleton (He.), 54 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Kepaupo (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). Caije l/ai/— Cape May Point (Te.), Monmouth — Squan (C). New Castle— Townsend, Canby; Deakynes, Commons. 3. Festuca ovina L. Sheep's Fescue. M. p. 146. Fields and waste places. Summer. Delaivare—Swarthmore, E. T. Cresson, Jr. (B. Sm.). Ca?)idert— Grenloch (He.). Gloucester— ^^enonah (He.)., Swedesboro (Li). Cape May— Wildwood (Li.). 3a. Festuca ovina duriuscula (L.) Hack. M. p. 147, Philadelphia— Girard Point (Te.). £mcAs— Andalusia, Mart. (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Cape Mai/— Cape May, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Holly Beach (He.), An- glesea (Li.). 4. Festuca elatior L. Taller Fescue. M. p. 147. Fields and waste places. Summer. 5. Festuca Shortii Kunth. M. p. 147. In woods and thickets. Summer. Zancas/e?'- Dillerville Swamp (P.). 62. BEOMUS L. Brome-grass. Lower empty scale 1-nerved, the upper 3-nerved. Awn shorter than the flowering scale or wanting; perennials 6-12 dm. tall. Flowering scales glabrous, or pubescent on the margins. 1. B. ciliatus. Flowering scales densely pubescent all over the back. 2. B. purgans. Awn longer than the flowering scale; low annuals 3-6 dm. tall. Flowering scales appressed-hirsute, 8-12 mm. long. 3. B. tectorxim. Flowering scales sparsely appressed-hispidulous. 4. B. sterilis. Lower empty scale 3-nerved, the upper 5-9-nerved. Flowering scales awned. Flowering scales pubescent. Pubescence dense, consisting of long silky hairs. 5. B. Kalmii. Pubescence of short appressed hairs, not dense. 6. B. hordaceus. Flowering scales glabrous or minutely roughened. Nerves of the turgid flowering scales obscure; sheaths glab- rous. 7. B. secalinus. Nerves of the flowering scale prominent; sheaths softly and densely pubescent with reflexed hairs. 8. B. racemosus. Flowering scales awnless, nearly as broad as long. 9. B. hrizaeformis. 1. Bromus ciliatus L. Woodchess. M. p. 149. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (He.). Bucks— Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.). Delaware— B-ey's Dam, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Burmont (B. Sm.), Ridley Creek, Darby Creek, Crum Creek, Lewis Mill, Castle Rock (VP.). Chester— YaWej Forge (He.). La7icaster—{F.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Cape Mai/— Wildwood (He.). 2, Bromus purgans L. M. p. 149. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— ^iaaahiekon (He.). Northampton— (P.). GIIAMINEAE. 55 iZiUiferdo?!— Frequent along the Dela^vare (C). New Casiie— Frequent. 3. Bromus tectorum L. M. p. 149. Fields and waste places. Early summer. ^wcAs— Bristol (P.), Tullytowu, Sellersville, Telford (Fr.). Nortli- avipton — Streets of Eastou (P.). Neiv Jersey — Conim on . Netc Castle— Collms, Commons; Odessa, Clayton, Commons and Tat nail. 4. Bromus sterilis L. M. p. 150. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Banks of Schuylkill (He.), Wayne Junction P. & R. rail- road (Je.), Eobinson's Knoll, West Park (VP.). Bucks— Telfovd (Fr.). Montgomery— Above Manayunk (VP.). Northa7npton—'Eastoii (P.). AtlaJitic—Atlantie City (Te.). 5. Bromus Kalmii A. Gray. M. p. 150. Woods and thickets. Summer. Bitcls-Tiidge Valley (Fr.). Delaware— Evans' Cemetery, Radnor, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Lancaster— CP.). Nortluwipton — I^aston, Porter (B.C.). 6. Bromus hordaceus L. M. p. 150. Fields and waste places. Summer. PhiladeliJhia—BaUast, C. A. Boice (B. C). Chester— (F.). GZoMces^er— Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic— Ilainmonton (C). 7. Bromus secalinus L. Cheat or Chess. M. p. 150. Fields and waste places. Summer. 8. Bromus racemosus L. M. p. 150. Fields and waste places. Summer. 9. Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. M. p. 151. Introduced. Summer. Lancaster — (P.) . 63. LOLIUM L. Ray-grass, Darnel. Empty scale shorter than the spikelet. Flowering scales awnless. 1. L. perenne. Flowering scales awned. 2. L. Italicum. Empty scale equalling or extending beyond the flowering scales. 3. L. temulentum 1. LoLiUM perenne L. Bye-grass. M. p. 152. Fields and waste places Summer. 2. LoLiuM Italicum A. Br. M. p. 152, Fields and waste places. Summer New Castle— Pastures; rare. 3. LoLiUM temulentum L. Darnel. M. p. 152. Waste places and culti vated grounds. Summer. Philadelphia— Ballast (P.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.). Noi'th ampton—{B.). Camden— Kaighn's Point, Dr. E. G. Runt (He.). Neio Castle — Noxentown, Centerville, Collins, Commons. 64, AGROPYRON J. Gaertn. Wheat Grass. Culms tufted, no creeping rootstocks or stolons. 1. A. caninum. Culms from creeping rootstocks. 2. A. repens. 1. Agropyron caninum (L.) R. & S, M, p, 153. Cultivated ground and meadows. Summer. 56 FLOIiA OF PHILADELPHIA. New Castle — Low ground east of Thompson 's Swamp, Commons. 2. Agkopyron repens (L.) Beauv. Couch-grass, Quitch-grass. M. p. 153. Fields and waste places. Summer. 65. HOEDEUM L. Flowering scales, exclusive of awn, 6-8 mm. long. Awn of the flowering scale 1.25 cm. long or less. 1. H. nodosum. Awn of the flowering scale 2.5 cm. long or more. 2. H. jubatum. Flowering scales, exclusive of awn, about 1.2 cm. long. 3. H. murinum. 1. HoRDEUM NODOSUM L. Mcadoiv-Barley. M. p. 155. Meadows and waste places. Summer. Buc'ks — Perkasie, in ditches (Fr.). . Caxie May — Goshen Landing (He.). 2. HoRDEUM JUBATUM L. Squirrel-tail Grass. M. p. 155. Dry soil. Sum- mer. Philadelphia— Commons, Mart. (B. C). Buds — Quakertown, Telford (Fr.). Montgomery— Amhler (Fr.). Detowore— Tinicum, rare (VP.), Chester— Y alley Forge (W. Tr.). Lancaster— West Grove (Ca.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). Atlantic — Hammonton (C), Atlantic City (He.). Mercer— Trenton (C). New Castle Shores, Woodland Beach, Commons. 3. HORDEUM MURINUM L. Wall-Barley. M. p. 155. Ballast and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Fairmount Park (Ja.). Camden— l^aighn's Point (He.). 66. ELYMUS L. Lyme-grass, Wild Eye. Empty scales narrowly awl-shaped; spike slender. 1. E. striatus. Empty scales linear-lanceolate to linear; spike stout. Flowering scales glabrous. 2. E. Virginicm. Flowering scales more or less appressed-pubescent, usually densely so. 3. E. Canadensis. 1. Elymus STRIATUS Willd. M. p. 156. Eocky woods and banks. Summer. Philadelphia— 'Wissahiekon (VP.). Delatvare— Mar-pie, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton— 'Easton, Porter (B.C.). Cape l/ai/— Wildwood (He.). Hunterdon— 'Rosemon.t, Eidge Island (C). New Casiie— Mount Cuba, Greenbank, Brandywine, Commons. 2. Elymus Virginicus L. M. p. 156. Along streams. Summer. 3. Elymus Canadensis L. M. p. 157. Eiver banks. Summer. 67. HYSTEIX (L.) Millsp. ]. Hystrix Hystrix (L.) Millsp. Bottle-brush Grass. M. p. 158. Eocky woods. Summer. Philadelphia— Schuylkill, near junction of Wissahiekon (He.). Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— Ahoxe Lafayette (VP.), Skippach Creek, Sumneytown (VP.). Delaivare—Wawa, (Ke.), Lansdowne (Pe.), CYPEBACEAE. 57 Khoads' Swamp, Marple (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— St. Peter's (Ke.), Brandywine Creek (Pr.). Lancaster— {F.). Northamp- ton- (P.). Burlington— Amejtovyn (C.)- i/ercer— Princeton (Te.)- New Castle — Frequent. 68. ARUNDINAPJA Michx. 1. Aeundinaria tecta (Walt.) Miihl. Switch Cane, Small Cane. M. p. 158. Swamps and moist soil. Summer. Delaware — Painter "s Arboretum (He.). Family 2. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil. Sedge Family. Flowers of the spikelet all, or at least one of them, perfect; spikelets all similar. Scales of the spikelets 2-ranked. Perianth none ; spikelets in solitary or umbelled terminal heads. 1. Cyperus. Perianth of 6-9 bristles ; inflorescence axillary. 2. Dulichium. Scales of the spikelets spirally imbricated all around. Spikelets with several to many perfect flowers. Base of the style swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the achene. Leaves reduced to basal sheaths; bristles of the perianth usually present ; spikelet solitary. 3. Eleocharis. Culm leafj' ; perianth-bristles none ; spikelets in a ter- minal umbel. 4. Stenophyllus. Base of the style enlarged or narrow, deciduous. Flowers with no broad sepals or interior perianth-scales. Style swollen at the base; bristles none. 5. Fimbristylis. Style not swollen at the base; bristles usually present. Spikelets solitary to many; bristles 1-6, rarely none. 6. Scirpus. Spikelets solitary or few; bristles 6-mauy, soft, smooth, very long, slender, much exserted. 7. Eriophorum. Flowers with a perianth of 3-stalked sepals or of 1 or 2 interior hyaline scales. 8. Fuirena. Spikelets 1-4-flowered, some of the flowers imperfect. Style, or its base, persistent as a tubercle on the achene. 9. Eynchospora. Style wholly deciduous. 10. Cladium. Flowers all monoecious or dicecious, usually borne in separate small spikelets. Achene not enclosed in a utricle. 11. Scleria. Achene enclosed in a utricle (perigynium). 12. Carex. 1. CYPERUS L. Galingale. Style 2-cleft ; achene lenticular, not 3-angled; scales falling from the rachis; spikelets flat. Spikelets yeUow; superficial cells of the achene oblong. 1. C. fiavescens. Spikelets green or brown; superficial cells of the achene quadrate. Scales obtuse or obtusish, appressed. Scales membranous, dull; style much exserted. 2. C. diandrus. Scales subcoriaceous, shining; style scarcely exserted. 3. C. rivularis. Scales acute, somewhat spreading at maturity. 4. C. Nuttallii. 58 FLOE A OF PEILADELFEIJ. Style 3-cleft; achene 3-angled. Scales falling away from the persistent rachis of the flattened spikelet. Wings of the rachis, if present, permanently adnate to it. Scales tipped with recurved awns; low annual, 2-15 cm. tall. 5. C. inflexus. Scales acute or obtuse, not awned. Wings of the rachis none or very narrow. Stamens 3; spikelets linear-oblong, 8-25 mm. long; scales acute. 6. C. compressus. Stamen 1 ; spikelets ovate, 4-8 mm. long. 7. C. pseudovegetus. Wings of the rachis evident. Low annual, adventive from Europe ; scales brown. 8. C. fuscits. Tall indigenous perennials. Scales mucronate, reddish-brown or green. 9. C. dentatus. Scales acute or obtuse, not mucronate. Scales wholly or partly purple-brown; achene linear. 10. C. rotundus. Scales straw-colored ; achene ovoid. 11. C. escidentus. Wings of the rachis separating from it as interior scales ; annuals. 12. C. erythrorhisos. Spikelets falling away from the axis of the spikes, the lower pair of scales commonly persistent. Annuals ; spikelets elongated, nearly terete. Scales imbricated; achene obovoid. 13. C. speciosus. Scales distant; achene linear-oblong. 14. C. Engelmanni. Perennial by hard^ tuber-like basal corms; spikelets more or less flattened. Achene narrowly linear-oblong, 3-4 times as long as thick. Spikelets flat, several-many-flowered. 15. C. strigosus. Spikelets subterete, few-flowered. Spikelets 12-25 mm. long, loosely spieate ; lower re- flexed. 16. C. refractus. Spikelets 3-12 mm. long, densely capitate or spieate. Spikelets all reflexed ; culms rough. 17. C. retrofractus. Spikelets spreading or only the lower reflexed; culms smooth. Heads oblong or cylindric. Spikelets 6-10 mm. long, the lower re- flexed. 18. C. Lancastriensis. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long, the lower spread- ing. 19. C. cyJindricus. Heads globose. 20. C. ovxdaris. Achene oblong or obovoid, about twice as long as thick. Eaehis wingless or very narrowly winged. 21. C. fiUculmis. Eachis-wings membranous, broad. Scales firm, not appressed, spikelet loosely capitate. 22. C. Grayi. Scales thin, closely appressed ; spikelets densely cap- itate. 23. C. echinatus. 1. Ctperus flavescens L. M. p. 161. Low grounds. Summer. PMtodeZpMa— Byberry, Mart. (B. C), on the Delaware Eiver (P.). Buchs—'NeSiT Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). Delaware— Wavfa (P.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Lancaster— {!?.). Northampton— 'Eastou. (P.). Dauphin — (P.). CYPEBACEAE. 59 Burlington — Atsion (He.)- Camden — Ballast (C). Gloucester — Mickleton (C); Swedesboro (Li.)- Cumberland — Jericho (C). Atlantic — May's Landing (He.)- Ocean — Goodluek Point, Manchester, Toms Eiver (C), Forked Eiver (Ja.). New Castle— St. George's, Canby; Dupont 's Pier. Frequent. 2. Cyperus diandrus Torr. M. p. 161. Low grounds. Late summer. Philadelphia— JiyheTTy, Mart. (B.C.). J5MdwS— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.) . Chester— Vvrchlan Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster— Yovk Furnace (He.). Northampton — Eastou, Porter (B.C.). Xeiv Jersey — Common. Xeic Castle — Common. 3. Cyperus rivularis Kunth. M. p. 161. Low grounds. Late summer. Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Tinieum, C. E. Smith (P.). Northampton — Island Park (P.). New Jersey— General (C). Netv Castle— Odessa, St. George's, Commons. 4. Cyperus Nuttallii Eddy. M. p. 161. Salt marshes. Summer. Philadelphia— Ballast (P.). De^att-are— Chester, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — St. George's, Canby. 5. Cy'perus inflexus Muhl. M. p. 162. Sandy wet soil. Summer. Bucks — Near Point Pleasant (Fr.). Montgomery — Sumneytown (VP.). Chester — Willistown (VP.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Li.). North- ampton — (P.). Dauphin — (P.). Neic Castle — Frequent. 6. Cyperus compressus L. M. p. 162. Fields. Late summer. Philadelphia— Tiallast (P.). New Castle— St. George's, Commons. 7. Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. M. p. 162. Wet places. Summer. Neiv Castle — Eailroad, Townsend, Commons; Van Dyke. 8. Cyperus fuscus L. M. p. 162. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Kaighn's Point, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 9. Cyperus dentatus Torr. M. p. 183. Sandy swamps. Late summer. J5wcAs— Near Bristol (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — {P.). Dauphin — (P.). Burlington— Atsion (He.), near Brown Mills Junction (Sa.). Salem — Eiddleton (Cr.). Atlantic— May's Lauding (He.), Egg Harbor (Ja.), Elwood (Te.). Ocea;i— Forked Eiver (He.). Runterdon — Along Delawai-e, common (C). 10. Cyperus rotundus L. M. p. 163. Sandy fields. Summer. Delaware— (P.). Northampton— Bethlehem (P.). New Castle — Alluvial soil and gardens. Frequent. 11. Cyperus esculentus L. M. p. 163. Low grounds. Late summer. 12. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. M. p. 163. Alluvial banks. Late summer. Philadelphia — l>i ay y Yard, Dr. Geo. Smitli (Fu.). Delaware — (P.). Dauphin — Forsters Island (P.). 60 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden— Fettj's Island (C.) ; Caniclen, P. R. E. wharf (He.). Glou- cesser— Swedesboro (Li.)- New Castle— Townsend and river shore. 13. Cyperus speciosus Vahl. M. p. 164. Marshes. Summer. Philadelphia— Falls of Schuylkill (Ja.). Cape May— Cape May (Te.), Stone Harbor, Wildwood (VP.). Atlantic- —May's Landing (C), Hanimonton, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean — Manchester (C). Neiv Castle — Eiver shore, Canhy. 14. Cyperus Engelmanni Steud. M. p. 164. Low grounds. Late summer. Camde«— Kaighn's Point, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 15. Cyperus strigosus L. M. p. 164. Damp or fertile soil. Late summer, 15a. Cyperus strigosus robustior Kunth. M. p. 165. Range of type. £«cA's— Bristol (Fr,). 16. Cyperus refractus Engelm. M. p. 165. Dry fields. Summer. Delaware — Ridley (B. Sm.). Camden — Kaighn's Point (Li.). 17. Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. M. p. 165. Sandy fields. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.) . Chester— (P.) . Camden — Haddonfield, Griffith's Swamp (C). GZowcesier — Malaga (C), National Park (Cr.), Swedesboro (Li.). ^hibola. Plant very glaucous all over. 51. C. glaucodea^ 19. GRANULARES. Perigynia 2-3 mm. long. 52. C. granulans. Perigynia 1-1.5 mm. long. 53. C. Shriveri. 20. EXTENSAE. 21. PALLESCENTE8. 22. OLIGOCARPAE. 54. C. flava. 55. C. paUescens. Sheaths glabrous. '] Perigynia narrowed at both ends, beakless. 56. C. conoidea. Perigynia with a short entire beak. 57. C. oligocarpa. Sheaths pubescent. 58. C. Hitchcockiana. 23. LAXIFLORAE. Plants not at all glaucous, or very slightly so. \ Beak of the perigynium straight, slender. 59. C. polymorpha. Beak of the perigynium bent, short or none. Leaves mostly narrow, 2-12 mm. wide. Scales, at least the upper, obtuse. Bracts elongated; spikes loosely flowered; culms slender.. 60. C. tetanica. Bracts short; spikes densely flowered; culms stout. 61. C. Meadii. Scales acute, cuspidate, acuminate, or awned. Perigynia obtusely 3-angled. Perigynia obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long. 62. C. laxiflora. Perigynia oblong, narrow, about 4 mm. long. Perigynia narrowly oblong, 4-5 mm. long, the beak oblique. 63. C. styloflexa. Perigynia elliptic, 3-4 mm. long, the beak nearly straight. 64. C. striatiila. Perigynia sharply 3-angled. 65. C. digitalis. Leaves broad, 12-36 mm. wide. Bracts leafy, the upper usually overtopping the spikes. 66. C. Alhursina. Bracts mostly reduced to purple, leafless sheaths. 67. C. plantaginea. Plants distinctly glaucous. Pistillate spikes drooping on hair-like stalks. 68. C. laxiculmis. Pistillate spikes erect. Basal leaves much longer than the culm. 69. C. ptychocarpa. Basal leaves shorter than the culm or equalling it. Leaves 12-25 mm. wide. 70. C. platyphylla. Leaves 2-4 mm. wide. 71. C. livida. 24. DIGITATAE. 72. C. setifolia. CYPEEACEAE. 25. PEDUNCULATAE. 73. C. pedunculata. 26. MONTANAE. Plant not stoloniferous. 74. C. pedicellata. Plants stoloniferous, the stolons sometimes short. Culms, or some of them, longer than the leaves. Staminate spikes conspicuous, mostly over 6 mm. long. Plant dark green; staminate spike very prominent; perigynia broadly oval. 75. C. Pennsylvanica. Plant light green; staminate spike shorter; perigynia oblong. 76. C. varia. Staminate spikes inconspicuous, mostly less than 6 mm. long. 77. C. albicans. Culms, or most of them, much shorter than the leaves. Scales light green with purple margins; perigynia oblong. 78. C. nigromarginata. Scales green with lighter scarious margins; perigynia oval. 79. C. urnbellata. 27. TRIQUETRAE. 28. PHYLLOSTACHYAE. 80. C. pubescens. Body of the perigynium oblong, its beak flattened. 81. C. Wildenovii. Body of the perigynium globose, its beak subulate. 82. C. Jamesii. 29. LEPTOCEPHALAE. 30. DIOICAE. 31. VULPINAE. 83. C. leptalea. 84. C. exilis. Beak of the perigynium shorter than the body. 85. C. conjuncta. Beak of the perigynium equalling or longer than the body. 86. C. stipata. 32. MULTIFLORAE. Leaves 2 mm. wide or less. Perigynia 3-5 mm. long. 87. C. teretiuscula. Perigynia 2-3 mm. long. 88. C. alopecoidea. Leaves 2-6 mm. wide. Leaves as long as the culm or longer. 89. C. vulpinoidea. Leaves shorter than the culm. 90. C. xanthocarpa. 33. MUHLENBERGIANAE. Spikes separated or the upper close together; perigynia mostly radiating or reflexed. Leaves 1-3 mm. wide. Perigynia stellately radiating. 91. C. rosea. Perigynia reflexed when mature. 92. C. retroflexa. Leaves 5-9 mm. wide. 93. C. sparganioides. Spikes all aggregated or the lower separated ; perigynia spreading or ascend- ing. Leaf-blades relatively thin and lax, 4-8 mm. wide. 94. C. cephaloidea. Leaf -blades relatively stiff, 1-4 mm. wide. Perigynia 2 mm. long or less, nerveless or faintly few-nerved. 95. C. cephalophora. Perigynia 3 mm. long, strongly-nerved. 96. C. Muhlenbergii. 76 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 34. ELONGATAE. Perigynia radiately spreading, or reflexed when old. Perigynia distinctly nerved on both faces, the beak rough. Perigynia lanceolate ; beak more than half as long as the body. 97. C. sterilis. Perigynia ovate; beak about one-third as long as the body, abrupt. 98. C. Atlantica. Perigynia faintly nerved on the outer face, nerveless or nearly so on the inner; beak smoothish. 99. C. interior. Perigynia ascending, appressed or somewhat spreading when old, not radiating. Perigynia ovate, oval, oblong or elliptic. Bracts short, scale-like or none, the lowest occasionally longer than the spike. Heads silvery green or nearly white. 100. C. canescen.s. Heads brown or brovmish. 101. C. hrunnescens. Bracts bristle-form, much elongated, much exceeding the 2-4 oblong nerved perigynia. 102. C. trisperma. Perigynia lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. 103. C. bromoides. 35. OVALES. Perigynia lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 times as long as wide. Perigynia broadly winged; staminate flowers intermixed with the pis- tillate. 104. C. siccata. Perigynia narrowly winged; staminate flowers all basal. Spikes oblong or oval ; perigynia ascending or erect. Spikes green-brown, blunt. 105. C. tribuloides. Spikes bright brown, pointed; perigynia lanceola.te. 106. C. scoparia. Spikes subglobose; perigynia spreading, at least when old. 107. C. cristatella. Perigynia ovate, not more than twice as long as wide (longer in some forms of 110). Perigynia narrowly winged above; heads greenish-brown. 108. C. adusta. Perigynia broadly wing-margined. Perigynia spreading or ascending. Spikes silvery green. 109. C. foenea. Spikes yellowish-brown or greenish. 110. C. straminea. Perigynia erect or appressed. Heads silvery green or nearly white; sea-beach species. 111. C. silicea. Heads brown-green; meadow or marsh species. 112. C. tenera. Perigynia orbicular, very broadly ovate or somewhat obovate, sometimes wider than long. Heads green-brown. Perigynia spreading or ascending; achene sessile. 113. C. festucacea. Perigynia erect, 4-5 mm. broad; achene short-stalked. 114. C. alata. Heads silvery green, yellowish or whitish. 115. C. albolutescens. 1. Carex Collinsii Nutt. M. p. 191. Bogs. Summer. C}iester—(P.). Burlington — StaSoT A Forge (St.), Brown Mills (Te.). Camden — Griffith's Swamp, Mart. (B. C), Cedar Brook (Cr.) (Ke.), Gloucester (Sa.), Atco (Te.), Clementon, Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester — Near Malaga (C), near Miekleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washington Park CYPEBACEAE. 77 (VP.)- Atlantic —Ahsecon, Hammonton (Wn,). Oceon— Forked River (Cr.), Toms Eiver (Te.)- Mercer— Trenton (C). 2. Cakex folliculata L. M. p. 191. Swampa and wet meadows. Summer. 3. Carex iNTUMESCENS Rudge. M. p. 191, Swamps, bogs, and wet woods. Summer. 4. Carex Asa-Grayi Bailey. M. p. 191. Swamps and wet meadows. Sum- mer. Delaware— Nesit Castle Rock (Ja.), near Ridley Creek, West Chester Road (VP.). Gioticesfer— Swedesboro (Li.). Cope May— Goshen (He.). Atlantic- Egg Harbor, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Hunterdon— Bull's Island (Br.). 5. Carex lupulina Muhl. M. p. 192. Swamps and wet pastures. Summer. G. Carex lupuliformis Sartwell. M. p. 192. Swamps. Summer. 5«cfcs — Nockamixon (Cr.), Rock Hill, Bristol (Fr.). Montgom- ery—Fort Washington .(VP.). Delaware— Palmer 's Mill, Upper Provi- dence (B. Sm.). Le/it^'/i— Lehigh (Kr.). Northampton— {F.). New Cast Ze— Newark, Canby; Townsend, Commons. 7. Carex grandis Bailey. M. p. 192. Swamps. Summer. New Castle— Townsend, Canby and Tatnall. 8. Carex utriculata Boott. M. p. 194. Marshes. Summer. B«cits— Quakertown, Mart. (B. C), Penn Valley (Cr.) (Fr.). CaTnden- Kaighn 's Point (C). New Casfie— Harmony Mills. 9. Carex monile Tuckerm. M. p. 194. Marshes and wet meadows. Sum- mer. jBucfc*- Sellersville (Fr.) (Ja.), Narrowsville (Li.), DeZowore- Tint - cum, A. E. Smith (B. Sm.) (St.). Chester— {I'.). Lancaster— {V.). Hunterdon — Kingwood (C). New Castle— Brandyvnue, etc. ; Townsend and Farnhurst, Commons. 10. Carex bullata Schk. M. p. 194. Swamps. Summer. 11. Carex retrorsa Schwein. M. p. 194. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. Bucks— (F.). 12. Carex lurida Wahl. M. p. 194. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. 12o. Carex lurida flaccida Bailey. M. p. 195. Swamps and wet meadows. Spring. Bucks— Argua (Fr.). 126. Carex lurida parvula (Paine) Bailey. M. p. 195. Bucks — Argus (Fr.). 13. Carex Schweinitzii Dewey. M. p. 195. Swamps and bogs. Summer. New CastJe— Thompson's, Brakely. 14. Carex htstricina Muhl. M. p. 195. Swamps and low meadows. Summer. 15. Carex comosa Boott. M. p. 195. Swamps. Summer. 16. Carex Frankii Kunth. M. p. 196. Swamps and wet meadows. Sum- mer. Chester — (P.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.). 78 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 17. Carex squarrosa L. M. p. 196. Swamps and bogs. Summer. 18. Carex trichocarpa Muhl. M. p. 196. Marshes and wet meadows. Summer. Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.). Delaware— Hej 's Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Castle Rock (VP.). Lancaster— Ij&ncSiStQT, Porter (B.C.). Northampton — (P.). Camden — Cedar Brook (Cr.). 19. Carex riparia Curtis. M. p. 197. Swamps. Summer. Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Argus (Cr.), near Quakertown (Fr.). Delaware— Tmicum, A. H. Smith (Fu.) (St.), Wawa (Ja.). Gloucester — River swamps along Delaware (C), Repaupo (Ja.). Salem — Near Salem, near Woodstown (He.). Ocean — Manchester (C). New Castle — Holly Oak, Canby; Delaware Junction, Commons. 20. Carex Shortiana Dewey. M. p. 197. Moist meadows and thickets. Early summer. Lancaster — Conewago (P.). 21. Carex scabrata Schwein. M. p. 197. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahiekon (P.). BwcAs— Springfield (Fr.). Dela- ware— Tinicum (Le.), near Media (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.), Castle Rock (VP.), Chester— {P.). Lancaster — {P .) . Berfcs— Hamburg (He.) (Ke.) (Li.). Northampton— {P.). H%int er don— '^liMovdi, Rosemont (C). New Castle — Centerville, Commons; oppcsite Twadell's, Canby. 22. Carex vestita Willd. M. p. 198. Sandy woods. Summer. Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Bristol (P.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fu.) (Sa.) (St.), near Chester, Rhoads' Swamp, Marple (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Lajtcas^er— Smithville^ (P.). Northampton— Pen Argyl (P.). Camden— TS,Rst Camden (Te.), Haddonfield, Lindenwold (VP.). Glou- cester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washington Park (VP.). Atlantic— 'Egg Harbor (B. Sm.). Hunterdon — Sergeantsville, Rosemont (C). New Castle — Harmony, Tatnall; Townsend, Canby. 23. Carex Walteriana Bailey. M. p. 198. Pine-barren swamps. Early summer. Montgomery— ^hannonviWe (Cr.). DeZo ware— Tinicum (Fu.). Burlington — (^xiaker Bridge (He.), Speedwell (St.). Camdew— Cedar Brook (Ke.), Berlin (Te.), Clementon (VP.). G^oMcesfe? — Williamstown (He.). Atlantic— Pi-ammonion (Fr.), Egg Harbor (He.), May's Land- ing (Li.). Ocean— Manchester, New Egypt (C), Toms River (Ke.). 24. Carex lanuginosa Michx. M. p. 198. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. BMcts— Sellersville (Fr.). Detoware— Rhoads' Swamp, C. E. Smith (Fu.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Berks— (P.). Gloucester— 'Near Mickleton (He.). MonmouthSquan (C). New Castle — Brakely, frequent. 25. Carex piliformis L. M. p. 198. Wet meadows and swamps. Summer. JSucfcs— TuUytown (Fr.). Delaware- Rhoads' Swamp, Marple, C. E. CTPERACEAE. XSf.. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Lancaster— ChTistia.na (St.)- BerA-s— Hamburg (Li.). New Cas^Zc— Thompson's, Brakely, Farnhurst, Commons. 26. Caeex hirta L. M. p. 198. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Greenwich Point (Te.). Camden— Camden (Ja.) (He.). 27. Cakex fusca All. M. p. 200. Bogs. Early summer. BttcAs— Bedminster, /. S. Mayer (B. C), TuUytown (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Li.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— (P.). New Castle— Farnhnrst, Canby. 28. Carex stricta Lam. M, p. 200. Swamps. Summer. 28a. Carex stricta angustana (Boott.) Bailey. M. p. 200. Swamps. Summer. Bucks — TuUytown, Bicl'nell (Ft.) . Lancaster— (P.). Northampton -(P.). 29. Caeex Hatdeni Dewey. M. p. 200. Swamps. Summer. BmcAcs— Sellersville (Fr.). 30. Carex aquatilis Wahl. M. p. 200. Swamps and along streams. Sum- mer. Delaware— (P.) . Camden— Camden (C). 31. Carex Goodenovii J. Gay. M. p. 201. Wet grounds. Summer. Bmc^s— Penn Valley (Cr.). Detoware— Lazaretto, C. F. Saunders (He.), Palmer's Mills, Upper Providence (B. Sm.), Tinieum (P.). Lancaster — Christiana (St.). 32. Carex torta Boott. M. p. 202. Marshes and wet thickets. Summer. Bucks — Argus (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Li.). •ZJeioware— Holland's Bridge, Upper Providence, Dr. Geo. Smith; Hey's Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Wawa (He.), Palmer's Mills, Upper Providence (B. Sm.), Castle Rock (VP.). Chester — (P.). Lan- caster — Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton (P.). Netv Castle — Allapokas, Beaver Eun, Canby. 33. Carex prasina Wahl. M. p. 202. Meadows and moist thickets. Early summer. Philadelphia— Germantown (St.). Bucks — Springfield, Rock Hill (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.). Montgomery— Bryn Mawr (Te.). Delaware — Wawa (Sa.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster— Lancaster (Kr.). Berks— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester— M.u\liea Hill (C), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— Frequent. 34. Carex littoralis Schwein. M. p. 202. Pine-barren swamps. Early summer. Delaware— Tinieum (Sa.) (St.). Gloucester — Is! ear Mickleton (He.). Atlantic — Egg Harbor (Sa.). Ocean— Manchester (C). New Castle — Townsend, Canby. 35. Carex limosa L. M. p. 203. Bogs. Summer. Bucks— 'Rock Hill (Cr.) (Fr.). i go FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Gloucester— He^aupo (Cr.) (Li.), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Casfife— Thompson's. 36. Carex crinita Lam. M. p. 203. Swamps and wet woods. Summer. 37. Cakex gynandra Schwein. M. p. 204. Swamps. Summer. Chester— (P.). Northampton— {P.). 38. Carex virescens Muhl. M. p. 204. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. 39. Carex costellata Britton. M. p. 204. Woods. Summer. Philadelphia— {P.). 5«cts— Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware— ^avia,, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Crum Creek (St.). C7jes«er— Whitford (Li.). Lan- caster— (P.). Northampton— 'Easion, Porter (B. C). 40. Carex triceps Michx. M. p. 205. Woods, fields and swamps. Summer. 41. Carex Caroliniana Schwein. M. p. 205. Meadows. Summer. Philadelphia— 92d street marsh (St.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks— Narrowsville (Li,). Delaware— Jli&e Range (Cr.), Pusey 's Woods, A. E. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.). Gloucester— Timher Creek, C. A. Boice (B. C), Mickleton (C), Swedes- boro (Li.). 42. Carex gracillima Schwein. M. p. 205. Moist woods and meadows. Summer. Philadelphia— Byheviy, Mart. (B. C). Bucks— TuHytoyvn (Cr.), Sel- lersville, Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.). Delaware— 'Darhj Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith and A. H. Smith (Fu.), Wawa (Sa.), Swarthmore (Te.), Lewis Mill, Crum Creek (VP.). C/iester— Cheyney, Kennett (St.). Lan- caster— (P.). Berks— (P.). Lehigh— {P.). NorthamptonSeiders- ville, A. S. Bechdolt (B. C). New Castle — Frequent. 48. Carex aestivalis M. A. Curtis. M. p. 205. Mountain woods. Summer. Chester— (P.). New Cast/e— Brandywine Creek at State Line, Canby; Burris Run, Commons. 44. Carex Davisii Schwein. & Torr. M. p. 206. Moist thickets and mead- ows. Early summer. Philadelphia— (P.). jB«cA:s— Nockamixon (Cr.) (Li.), near Pipersville (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— Baston, Porter (B. C). New CasiZe— Frequent. 45. Carex longirostris Torr. M. p. 206. Banks and moist thickets. Summer. Bucks — Nockamixon. Northampton — Easton (Ca.), Pen Argyl (U. C. S.). Hunterdon— Bjram, Lambertville (C). New CasiZe— Dupont's, Brakely. 46. C.^REX ARCTATA Scott. M. p. 207. Dry woods and thickets. Spring. Biicks-Penn Valley (Cr.). Giowcester— Swedesboro (Li.). CYFEBACEAE. 81 47. Carex tenuis Eudge. M. p. 207. Woods. Summer. Philadelphia — ByhQxt J, Mart. (B. C). Bwcfcs — Quakertown (Fr.). ifoni^romeri/— Shannonville (Cr.), "Walnut Hill (VP.). Delaware— Tim- cum, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (Sa.) (B. Sm.) (St.). Chester— (F.). Lan- caster— (F.). New Jersei/— Frequent. New Casiie— Frequent. 48. Cakex OBLiTA Steud. M. p. 207. Bogs. Summer. Camdew— Griffith 's Swamp, Mart. (B. C), Grenloch (He.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester— ^e&r Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washing- ton Park (VP.). Cape May— East Creek (C). Atlantic— KhsQcon {{:.), May's Landing (Fr.). 49. Gabex gbisea Wahl. M. p. 207. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— ByhGrry, Mart. (B. C.), Germantown (St.), Old York Eoad (Te.). 2>'wcA;s— Nockamixon (Cr.) (He.), near Sellersville (Fr.). Detowore— Haverford (Le.), Essington, Wawa (Sa.). Ci'iesfer— Kennett (St.). Lancaster— {P.). NortlMmpton-'E&ston, Porter {B. C.) (Ca.). Burlington— MedioTd (St.). Gloucester— liear Lancaster, Porter (B. C). Ber^s— (P.). Northampton— {F.). Gloucester— QwedeshoTo (Li.). New Castle— Karmonj, Tatnall; Ashland, Commons. 57. Carex oligooarpa Schk. M. p. 210. Dry woods and thickets. Summer.. B«cils— Harr 's Mill (Fr.). Lancaster— {V.). Northampton — (V.). New Castie— Below Dupont's, Canby. 58. Carex Hitchcockiana Dewey. M. p. 210. Woods and thickets. Sum- mer. 5«cfcs — Nockamixon (He.), Pencoyd (Te.). Lavicasfer — Lancaster, Porter (B. C). N ortliampt on— 'Easton, Porter (B. C.) (Ca.). 59. Carex polymorpha Muhl. M. p. 210. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. jBmc^s— Nockamixon (He.). Lancaster— {F.). Camden— Cedar Brook (Cr.). Gloucester— 'Near Mickleton (He.) (Li.), 60. Carex tetanica Schk. M. p. 210. Meadows and wet woods. Summer. Buds— ATgus (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster— CP.). Northamp- ton— (P.). Hunterdon — Baptisttown (C). New Cas^ie— Brandy wine, etc. 61. Carex Meadii Dewey. M. p. 211. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. Bucks— Argus (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Pyle's Bridge, W. M. Canby (B. Sm.). La?! caster— (P.). 62. Carex laxiflora Lam. M. p. 211. Meadows and thickets. Summer. 62o. Carex laxiflora blanda (Dewey) Boott. M. p. 211. Meadows and thickets. Summer. .Bwcits— Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Delaware— ^Na^/a (Sa.). C/iesfer— Whitford (Li.). Northannpton— 'Evasion, Porter {B.C.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Centerville, Commons. 62b. Carex laxiflora varians Bailey. M. p. 211. Meadows and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— ^hayinvoMt (Sa.). BwcA's— Narrowsville (Li.)., Wawa, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li). 62c. Carex laxiflora patulifolia (Dewey) Carey. M. p. 211. Open places. Summer. Bucks— Argns (Cr.). Delaware— Darby (B. Sm.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester— Mickleton (He.). Swedesboro (Li.). 63. Carex styloflexa Buckley. M. p. 211. Woods and thickets. Early summer. Bucks — Near SoUersville (I'V.). Montgomery — {P.). Delaware — CTPJSRACEAE. §^ Tinicum, Vr. Geo. Smith (Pu.) (St.). Lancaster— {F.). ^er/cs— (P.). Northampton — (P.) . Gloucester— 'i^eax Mickleton (He.)- E.unterdon—'RosQmoni (C). New Castle— Common. 64. Cabex striatula Michx. In woods, meadows, and thickets. Lancaster — (P.). 65. Carex digitalis Willd. M. p. 211. Woods and thickets. Early summer. FhiladelphAa — ByhGrry, Mart. (B. C), Shawmont (Sa.), Old York Road (Te.). Bucl's—A.rg\xs, (Or.), Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.). Delaware — Darby, Upper Providence, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester — (P.). La« (taster — Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton— 'Easion, Porter (B. C). New Castle— Brandyvime, Centerville, Commons. 66. Carex albubsina Sheldon. M. p. 212. Woods. Summer. Bttcfes— Rock Hill (Fr.), Nockamixon (He,). Ddaware— Wawa (Sa,), Onim Creek (St.). La?! easier— York Furnace (St.). Gloucester— '^ ear Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— M.o\\ni Cuba, Commons. 67. Carex plantaginea Lam. M. p. 212. Woods. Early summer. B«c/t:s— Narrowsville, T. C. Porter (Fu.), Plumstead (Fr.). Chester- Near Pleasantville (P.). 68. Carex laxiculmis Schwein, M. p. 212. Woods and thickets. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B. C), Old York Road (Te.).^ Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), Springfield, Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— Brjn Mawr (Te.). Delatoare-Hey's Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Lancaster— {P.). NortJiampton—{P.). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). 69. Carex ptychocarpa Steud. M. p. 212. Moist woods and thickets. Summer. JBiicfcs — TuUytown (Cr.). Bristol, Quake rtown (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Sa.), Crum Creek (St.). Chester — Near West Chester, Kennett (St.). Gloucester— Center Square, Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— Townsend, Canby; Purgatory Swamp near Coochs Bridge, Commons and Tatnall. 70. Carex platyphylla Carey. M. p. 212. Woods and thickets. Spring. 5«cfcs — Plumstead (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Ke.). Chester — Phcenixville, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — Easton (Ca.). GloucesterSwedesboro (Li.). Somerset — Peapack (C). Hunterdon — Lambertville ( C. ) . Neiv Castle— Freqaent. 71. Carex livida (Wahl.) WiJld. M. p. 212. Pine barrens. Summer. Burlington — Atsion (C), Speedwell (St.). Camden — Ancora (He.) (Li.). Ocean— Manchester (C). 84 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 72. Cabex setifolia (Dewey) Britton. M. p. 213. Limestone roclos. Early summer. Northampton— "Easton, Porter (B. C). 73. Carex pedunculata Muhl. M. p. 214. Dry woods. Early summer. 5«cfcs— Quakertown Moyer (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Berks— (P.). New Castle— Belovf High Bridge, Canby. 74. Carex pedicellata (Dewey) Britton. M. p. 214. Dry soil. Earlj summer. Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Durham (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.) . Hunterdon — Byram (C). 75. Carex Pennsylvanica Lam. M. p. 214. Dry soil. Spring. 76. Carex varia Muhl. M. p. 214. Dry soil. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C). Bucks — Argus, Tullytown (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— 'Bryn Mawr (Te). Delaware —Palmers Mills, Upper Providence (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester— Valley Forge (He.). Lancaster— Lancaster (Kr.). Berks— (P.). Northamp- ton— Easton, Porter (B. C.) (Ca.). New Jersey— Freqaent. New Cast Ze— Frequent. 77. Carex albicans Willd. M. p. 215. Dry soil. Spring. Bwcl's— Tullytown, Bicknell (Fr.). 78. Carex nigro-marginata Schwein. M. p. 215. Dry soil. Early summer. Bucks — Durham, Euth (P.). Montgomery — WiUow Grove (P.)- Northampton — (P.) . New Jersey— Frequent. New CastZe— Rockland, Richardsons Mill, Townsend, Commons. 79. Carex umbellata Schk. M. p. 215. Dry soil. Early summer. Philadelphia— {P .) . Bucks— Argus, Penn Valley (Cr.), Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— (P.). New Jersey — Common. New CostZe— Brandywine, Canby; Centerville, Commons, 80. Carex pubescens Muhl. M. p. 215. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Bjherrj, Mart. (B. C), above Manayunk (He.), Shaw- mont (Sa.), Germantown (St.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks— Argua, Tullytown (Cr.), 3-mile Run (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Delaware— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Lewis MiU, Crum Creek (VP.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— Baston, Porter (B. C.) . GZoMcester— Swedesboro (Li.), ffwiterdoji — Rosemont (C). New Castle— Br andywine etc. Frequent. 81. Carex Willdenovii Schk. M. p. 216. Dry woods and thicket*. Early summer. Bucks— Bock Hill (Fr.). Loncosfer — Lancaster, Porter (B. C). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester — Woodbury (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C), Milford, Porter (Fu.). CYPEBACEAE. 85 New Castle— Mount Cuba, Wilmington, Commons. 82. Carex Jamesii Schwein. M. p. 216. Dry woods and thickets. Spiring. Montgomery— Betzwood (Or.). Lancaster— MiHerBville, A. P. Gather (B. C). Dauphin— {P.). 83. Carex leptalea Wahl. M. p. 217. Bogs and swamps. Summer. Bucks— Bm<± Hill (Fr.). Belaxvar€—{P.). Chester— (P.). Lanoas- ter— Christiana (St.). Berfcs— Hamburg (He.) (Ke.) (St.). North- ampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Gloucester— 'i^iea.r Miekleton (He.). New Cosfie— Frequent. 84. Carex exilis Dewey. M. p. 217. Bogs. Summer. Loncas^er— Lancaster (Kr,). Burlington— Jia.ixo\er, Pleasant Mills (C). Gioticester— Swedesboro (Li.), ^ftow^tc— Absecon (C), Egg Harbor, Br. J. B. Brinton (He.), Hammonton (Sa.). Ocea?i — Manchester, Burrsville, Toms River (C). Monmoiith— Shark River (C). 85. Carex conjuncta Boott. M. p. 219. Moist meadows and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Banks of SchuylkiU (He.). 86. Carex stipata Muhl. M. p. 219. Swamps and wet meadows. Early summer. Philadelphia— Girard Point (Ke.), Germantown (St.). JB«cfes— Near Sellersville (Fr.), Bonair (Sa.). Montgomery— 'WiUow Grove (U. C. S.). Ddoware— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.). NorthamiJton— 'Easton, Porter (B. C). Neiv Jersey — Common. New Castle— Common. 87. Carex teretiuscula Gooden. M. p. 219. Swamps and wet meadows. Early summer. Gloucester— 'Near Miekleton (He.). 88. Carex alopecoidea Tuckerm. M, p. 220. Meadows. Lancaster — (P.) . 89. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. M. p. 220. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. 90. Carex xanthocarpa Bicknell. M. p. 220. Fields. Summer. Bucks— Argns (Fr.). 90a. Carex xanthocarpa annectens Bicknell. M. p. 220. Fields. Summer. Bwcfcs— TuUytown, Bicknell (Fr.). 91. Carex rosea Schk. M. p. 221. Woods and thickets. Early summer. 91o. Carex rosea radiata Dewey. M. p. 221. Open places and woods. Early summer. P7ntode^p/iia— Germantown (St.). Suets— Argus, Penn Valley (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— {P.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Common. 85 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 92. (Jarex retroflexa Muhl. M. p. 221. Woods and thickets. Early summer. Bucks— Rock Hill (Ft.). Delaware— VpTper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Crum Creek (St.). Lancaster — Lancaster, Porter (B.C.). North- ami)ton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Camden — Ancora (Li.). Monmouth — Squan (C). Hunterdon— Mosq- mont (C). New Castle — Similar situations as C. rosea. Scarce. 93. Carex sfarganioides Muhl. M. p. 222. Woods and thickets. Siunmer. Philadelphia— ^\ia,y^^mont (Sa.), Flat Eock Dam (VP.). Bucks— Harrs Dam (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.). Mo7itgomery — Pencoyd (Te.). Delaware— YaWej of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — Lancaster (Kr.). Nortluimpton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Camden — Haddonfield (St.). Gloucester — Swedeeboro (Li.). New Castle — Mount Cuba (Ke.), Centerville, Commons. 94. Carex cephaloidea Dewey. M. p. 222. Dry fields and on hills. Early summer. Bxhcks-RocM. Hill, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Lancaster (P.). Lehigh — Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Gloucester— Hwedeshoro (Li.). 95. Carex cephalophora Muhl. M. p. 222. Dry fields and on hills. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B, C), Banks of Schuylkill (He.), Ger- mantown (St.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), near Sellei-sville, Eock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Delaicare — Wawa (Sa.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.). Chester — Westtown (St.), Paoli (Te.). Le/ii^/i— Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton -(P.). New Jersey — Frequent. New Castle — Frequent. 96. Carex Muhlenbergii Schk. M. p. 222. Dry fields and on hills. Early summer. Philadelphia — Bjhexr J, MaH. (B. C). Bucks — ^ear Sellersville (Fr.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Camden — GriflBths Swamp (C). Gloucester— l>i ear Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Cas^ie— Frequent. 96a. Carex Muhlenbergii Xalapensis (Kunth.) Britton. M. p. 222. Dry fields. Summer. Philadelphia— (P.). Bucks — Eock Hill, Point Pleasant (Fr.). Northampton — Yiaston, Porter (B. C). 97. Carex sterilis Willd. M. p. 223. Moist soil. Early summer. ^Mcfes — Eock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery — {P.). Detoware — Spring- field (B. Sm.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— (P.). Berks— (P.). North- ampton- {P.). New Jersey— Frequent. CYPEBACEAE. 8^ y7o. GAi?Ex STERiLis cEPHAX,ANTHA Bailey. M. p. 223. Moist soil. Early summer. Chester— {F.). Lane-aster— {P.). Giowcesier— Mickleton, common (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). 98. Carex Atlantica Bailey. M. p. 223. Swamps. Summer. Buds — TuUytown ( Fr. ) . Burlington — Atsion, Quaker Bridge (C), Bear Swamp (St.). C'awdeJi— Longacoming (C), Ancora (He.). Gicmt^asier— Swedeeboro (Li.). Atla7itic—M.a.jB Landing (Fr.), Hammonton (Sa.). Ocean— Toms Kiver (C). 99. Cakex interior Bailey. M. p. 223. Wet soil. Early summer. ^itcArs — Rock Hill, Argus (Fr.). Delaivare — (F.). Lancaster — Dillerville Swamp (P.). 100. Carex canescens. L. M. p. 233. Swamps and bogs. Early summer. Northampton — (P.). New Jersey — Common. New Casiie— Blackbird, Commons. 101a. Carex brunnescens gracilior Britton. M. p. 224. Wet pUicee. Summer. Gloucester — HwedeehoTO (lii.) . — Atlantic — Egg Harbor, Hammon- ton (Sa.). 102. Carex trisperma Dewey. M. p. 225. Swamps and wet woods. Summer. CcwideJi — Spring Garden (C), Cedar Brook (Cr.). Gloucester — Malaga (C). Cape May— DennisviWe (C). Ocean— Manchester (C). 103. Carex bromoides Schk. M. p. 225. Bogs and swampe. Summer. 5i(cA's — Quakertown (Cr.), near SeUersville (Fr.). Cheetar—{P.). Lancaster— {F.). N ortliampton- {F .) . Gloucester— 'Re^a.xypo (Ja.). CmM6erZa«d— Manumuskin (U. C. S.). Hunterdon — Eosemont ( C. ) . 104. Carex siccata Dewey. M. p. 226. Dry fields and on hUls. Early summer. Northampton — Bethlehem (P.). 105. Carex tribuloides Wahl. M. p. 226. Meadows. Summer. Philadelphia — ByhQrrj, Mart. (B. C). Bwcfcs — SeUersville (Fr.). Detoware— Tinicum (St.). Chester— {F.). Lancaster— Lancaster (Kr.). jSer^s— Hamburg (He.). Northampton— {F.) . Can^ den— Camden (C), Gloucester (Sa.). G^oMces/er— Miekleton, Mul- lica Hill (He.), Repaupo (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle — Common. 105a. Carex tribuloides Bebbii Bailey. M. p. 226. Range of type. Summer. ^McAs— SeUersville (Fr.). 106. Carex scoparia Schk. M. p. 226. Moist soil. Summer. 107. Carex cristatella Britton. M. p. 227. Meadows and thickets. Summer. gg FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Biicfcs— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— MarY>\e (B. Sm.). Lan- caster— (P.). 5er As— Hamburg (He.)- Northa7npto7i—{P.). New Castle— B-armonj, Ashland, Canby. 108. Carex adusta Boott. M. p. 227. Dry soil. Summer, Philadeljyhia— Andalusia. Lancaster— laancaster (Kr.). Gloucester SwedeshoTO (Li). Hunterdon— 'Rosemont (C). 109. Carex foenea Willd. M. p. 227. Dry woods and on rocks. Summer. Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), TuUytown (Cr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Sa.). Chester— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.). New Castle— Townsend, Collins, Wills Eock, etc. 109o. Carex foenea perplexa Bailey. M. p. 227. Dry woods and on rocks. Summer, iancasfer— York Furnace (Cr.). Northampton— (P.). 110. Carex straminea Willd. M, p. 227. Dry fields. Summer. llOo. Carex straminea mirabilis (Dewey) Tuckerm. M. p. 227. Dry fields. Summer. Gloucester— 'Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). 111. Carex silicea Olney. M. p. 227. Sands of the sea-eoaats. Summer. New Jersey — Frequent. 112. Carex tenera Dewey. M. p. 227. Wet soil. Spring. Bwcfcs — Quakertown, Mart. (B. C), Sellersville, Tullytown (Fr.). Delaware— (P.). Northami^ton-'Easton (Ca.). Burlington— (Quaker Bridge. Cape Mai/— Wildwood (He.). 112a. Carex tenera invisa (W. Boott.) Britton. M. p. 228. Swales near the seaeoast. Delaware— Glenoldeu, Dr. J. B. Brinton (P.). 113. Carex festucacea Willd. M. p. 228. Dry or moist soil. Early summer. Philadelphia— Bjherry, Mart. (B. C). Buclcs— Point Pleasant, Penn Valley (Fr.). Delaware- Tinicum (St.). N orthampton— {P .) . Gloucester— HwedeshoTo (Li.). Cape May— Avalon, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). New Castle— Freqaent. 114. Carex alata Torr. M. p. 228. Moist soil. Spring. Bwcfcs— Bristol, Tullytown (Fr.). Montgomery— {P.). Camden— Gvenioch (He.). Gloucester— Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May —Holly Beach, Cape May (He.), Wildwood (Ja.) (Li.). Atlantic — Atlantic City (C). 115. Carex albolutescens Schwein. M. p. 228. Wet soil. Early summer. BwcArs— Nockamixon (He.). New Jersey— Freqaent. Order 4. ARALES. Inflorescence a fleshy spadix. Fam. 1. Araceae. Inflorescence a few or solitary flowers ou margin or back of minute thallus. Fam. 2. Lemnaceae. AKACEAE. 89 Family 1. ARACEAE Neck. Arum Family. llowers without a perianth. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, borne at the base of the spadix. 1. Arisaema, Flowers monoecious, covering the whole spadix. 2. Peltandra. Flowers with a perianth. ISpadix enclosed in a shell-like fleshy spathe. 3. Spathyemcu Spadix naked, terminating the scape. 4. Orontium. Spadix naked, borne at the base of a leaf-like spathe. 5. Acorus. 1. ARISAEMA Mart. Spathe hooded, open at the throat, enclosing the spadix. Hood of spathe striped ; spadix stout, club-shaped. 1. A. triphyllum. Hood of spathe deep brown to black; spadix slender, cylindric. 2. A. pusillum. Spathe convolute; summit of the spadix exserted. 3. A. Dracontium. 1. Arisaema "^triphyllum (L.) Torr. JacJc-in-the-Pulpit, Indian Turnip. M. p. 229. Rich woods. Spring. 2. Arisaema pusillum Peck. M. p. 229. Shaded bogs. Spring. Mo7itgomery— Flat Eock (Br.). Chester— W. Bradford (St.). Lan- caster — Christiana (St.). Burlington— Mediord (Br.). Camden — Clementon (Br.), Haddonfield (St.). Gloucester— Tornlin (St.). Oceaw— Point Pleasant (Wn.). 3. Arisaema Dracontium (L.) Schott. Green Dragon, Dragon-root. M. p. 230. Wet woods and along streams. Spring. Philadelphia— Below Schuylkill, Mart. (B. C), Chews Woods (Je.), Eobinson Knoll (Te.). 5«c/i:s— Sellersville (Fr.), Neshaminy (Re.). Montgomery— 'PeTkiomen (Cr.), Sumneytown (Ke.), Ivy Rock (Wn.). Delaware— 'Ridley and Crum Creeks, Darby (Fu.), Lansdowne (He.) (Pe.) (Wn.), Haverford College (Le.), Swarthmore (Pe.) (Sa.) (Wn.), Media (Sa.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Chester (W. Tr.). Ches- ter — Chester Valley near Malvern, Valley Forge (Le.). Lehigh — Low- lands, Coplay (Kr.). Dauphin —Bteeltou (Wn.). Burlington — Bordentown (C). Camden — Haddonfield (C). Hun- terdon— Holland Station, Ridge Island, High Bridge (C). New Castle— Mount Cuba (Ha.) (Ke.), Wilmington (Wn.), near Granogue, Red Clay Creek, etc. 2. PELTANDRA Raf. 1. Peltandra Virginica (L.) Kuntze. Arroiv Arum. M. p. 230. Swamps and shallow water. Early summer. 3. SPATHYEMA Raf. 1. Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf. Slunk Cabbage. M. p. 231. Bogs or moist ground. Early spring. 4. ORONTIUM L. 1. Orontium aquaticum L. Golden Club. M. p. 231. Swamps and ponds. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherr J, Mart. (B. C), Neck (Cr.), Holmesburg Junc- tion (Ws.). Bucks— Boek Hill (Fr.), Sellersville (Wn.). Montgomery —Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.), 90 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Crhester (W. Tr.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— (.P.). Lehigh — H-aIb- burg, Jordan (Kr.). Northami)ton — (P.)- New Jersey aud New Castle — Frequent. 5. ACORUS L. 1. ACORUS Calamus L. Sweet Flag. Calamus. M. p. 231. Swamps and along streams. Summer. Family 2. LEMNACEAE Dumort. Duckweed Family. Thallus with one root or several. Koots several. 1. Spirodela. Koot solitary. 2. Lemna. I'hallus rootless. 3. Wolffia. 1. SPIEODELA Schleid. i. Spirodela POLYRHizA (L.) Schleid. M. p. 232. Ponds and pools. Summer. 2. LEMNA L. Duck-weed. Thalli long-stipitate. 1. L. trisulca. Thalli short-stipitate or sessile. Spathe open. 2. L. perpusilla. Spathe sac-like. 3. L. minor. 1. Lemna trisulca L. M. p. 232. Ponds and springy places. Summer. Philadelphia— FranMord, Jesse BurJc (B. C). Bucks— In shallow pond in Trap Rock Region (Fr.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton — (P.). 2. Lemna perpusilla Torr. M. p. 232. Ponds and springs. Summer. Northa7npton— (P.) . New Castle— Ditches near Edgemoor, New Castle, Commons (now extinct there). 3. Lemna mikur L. M. p. 233. Stagnant water. Summer. 3. WOLFFIA Horkel. 1. Wolffia Columbiana Karst. M. p. 234. Floating beneath the surface of stagnant water. Summer. Philadelphia— '^eck (Cr.). ^wcA-s— Tullytown (Cr.). C«/ndeH — Kaighn's Point (C). 6'aZem— Jumbo Station (He.), W. of Fedricktown (Li.). Neiv Casiie— Ditches and Canal Coves. Order 5. XYRIDALES- Ovary 1-celled. Erect-scapose rush-like herbs; flowers in terminal scaly heads or spikes. Fam. 1. Xyridaceae. Mud or aquatic herbs, the flowers subtended by spathes (Heteranthera in Pontederiaceae). Ovary 2-3-celled. Flowers very small, densely capitate, monojcious or dioecious. Fam. 2. Eriocaulaceae. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 2 series of parts, the outer (sepals) green, the inner (petals) colored. Fam. 3. Commelinaceae. Perianth 6-parted. Fam. 4. Pontederiaceae. KKIOCAULACEAE. 91 Family!. XYRIDACEAE Lindl. Yellow-eyed Grass Family. 1. XYRIS L. Yellow-eyed Grass. Lateral 8ej)als wingless, the keel friuged with short hairs. 1. X. flexuosa. Lateral sepals winged, the keel fimbriate or lacerate. Scapes not bulbous-thickened at the base ; leaves flat or but slightly twisted. Lateral sepals about as long as the bracts, their keels lacerate. 2. X. Caroliniana. Lateral sepals longer than the bracts, their keels long-fimbriate. 3. X, -fimhriata. Scapes conspicuously bulbous-thickened at the base ; leaves spirally twisted. 4. X. conocephala. 1. Xykis flexuosa Muhl. M. p. 235. Bogs. Summer. 2. Xyris Caroliniana Walt. M. p. 236. Swamps and bogs. Summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (i\le.). Delaware — Tin'mum., Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). C/iesJer— Coatesville, II. K. Stone (B. C). Lancaster — (?.)• Burlington — Atsion (Fr.). Camden— Camden, Mart. (B. C), Ateo (Fr.), Cedar Brook (Ja.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Repaupo (Ja.), Tomlin (Ke.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May — Cape May (Te.). Atlantic— Egg Harhor (Sa.) (Wn.). Ocemi— Forked Eiver (Le.) (Mac). New Castle — Thorn jisons, Ogletown, etc. 3. Xyris fimbfjata Ell. M. p. 236. Wet pine barrens. Summer. Btirlingtov— Quaker Bridge, E. Diffenbaugh (B. C.) (Fu.) Atsion, Jackson (C). Gloucester — Paulsboro (Ja.), Repaupo (Li.). Atlantic — Hammonton (C), Egg Harbor (Mac). 4. Xyris conocephala Sauv. M. p. 236. In dry pine-ban-ens. Early summer. Burlington — Batsto, Taunton (C), Woodmansie (He.). Atlantic Hammonton (Cr.). Ocean — Forked River (He.). Family 2. ERIOCAULA.OEAE Liiidl. Pipe- wort Family. I. ERIOCAULON L. Pipe-wort. Leaf -blades as long as the sheaths, coarsely 3-9-fenestrate-nerved; scapes 7-angled ; heads 3-6 mm. in diameter. Heads densely pubescent, outer flowers spreading, scales reflexed, scape slender. 1. E. septangulare. Heads nearly smooth, flowers and scales all erect, scapes stout. 2. E. Parkeri. Leaf-hlades shorter than the sheaths, finely 6-20-fenestrate-nerved ; scapes 10-12-angled; heads 6-12 mm. in diameter. 3. E, compressum. Leaf-blades much longer than the sheaths, finely 10-50-nerved; scapes 10-14- angled; heads 8-lG mm. in diameter. 4. E. decangulare. 1. Eriocaulon septangulare With. M. p. 237. In ponds or along their borders. Summer. £mcAs— Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). New Jersey — Common. Neiv Castle — River shore and St. George's. 92 FLORA OF PHILADELFEIA. 2. Eriocaulon Parkeri Eobinson. M. p. 1052; 2cl ed. Tidal river shores. Late summer. Philadelphia— Andalusia (Br.), Torresdale (Wn.), Camden— Camden, above Cooper's Creek (Br.). 3. Eriocaulon compressum Lam. M. p. 237. Pine-barren swamps. Sum- mer. New Jersey — Frequent. 4. Eriocaulon decangulare L. M. p. 237. Burli7igton— (Quaker Bridge (Fr.), Atsion (He.) (Le.) (Te.). Camden Atco (Gi.), Cedar Brook (Mac), Berlin (Te.). Cape May—Bees\ej9 Point. Atlantic — May 's Landing (He.) (Li.), Baker's Pond (Li.). Ocean— Forked Eiver (Cr.), Tuckerton (Sts.) (Te.), Manchester (Te.). Family 3. COMMELINACEAE Reichenb. Spiderwort Family. Perfect stamens 3, rarely 2; petals unequal; bracts spathe-like. 1. Commelina. Perfect stamens 6, rarely 5; petals all aliie; bracts leaf -like. 2. Tradescantia. 1. COMMELINA L. Day-flowek. Spathes not united at the base. ISpathes acuminate; capsules 3-celled, 5-seeded. 1. C. nudiflora, Spathes acute; capsules 2-celled, 4-seeded. 2. C. communis. Spathes with united bases. All three cavities of the ovary with 2 ovules. Capsules 2-valved, dorsal cavity indehiscent. 3. C. Virginica. Capsules 3-valved, all cavities dehiscent. 4. C. erecta. Ventral cavities of the ovary with 2 ovules, dorsal cavity with one ovule. 5. C. hirtella. 1. Commelina nudiflora L. M. p. 239. Alluvial banks and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Wiasahickon (Cr.), Fairmount Park (Gi.). Delaware — Tinicum, T. C. Palmer (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester — (P.). N ortJuimpt on — Eaaton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). i^MrZtn^ion— Moorestown, Beverly (C). Cawden— Merchantville (C), Kaighns Point (Wn.). G^OMcesier— Woodbury (C), Center Square near Miekleton (He.), Swcdesboro (Li.). Salem— Penns Grove (C). At- lantic—Atlantic City (C), Absecon, Egg Harbor (Wn.). 2. Commelina communis L. M. p. 240. Waste places. Summer and autumn. JBticfcs— Sellersville, Tullytown (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Northamp- ton — (P.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (P.). 3. Commelina Virginica L. M. p. 240. Moist soil. Summer. 4. Commelina erecta L. M. p. 240. Moist soil. Summer. Lancaster— Peach Bottom (Ca.). Camden — Kaighns Point (C). 5. Commelina hirtella Vahl. M. p. 240. Moist soil. Summer and autumn. Lancaster— On the Susquehanna (P.). JUNCACEAE. 93 2. TRADESCANTIA L. 1. Tbadescaijtia Virginiana L. Spiderwort. M. p. 241. Rich soil. Smnmer. Family 4. PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort. Pickerel weed Family. Flowers 2-lipped, stamens 6; fruit a 1-seeded utricle. 1. Pontederia. Flowers regular; stamens 3; fruit a many-seeded capsule. 2. Heteranthera. 1. PONTEDERIA L. 1. Pontederia cordata L. Pickerel-weed. M. p. 243. Borders of ponds and streams. Sunuaer. la. Pontederia cordata lancifolia (Muhl.) Morong. M, p. 243. Borders of ponds and streams. Summer. Pliiladeliihia— T>e\avf are river near the city (Cr.). Lehigh— (P.). Burlington— Q^usikeT Bridge (C), Atsion (Fr.). Gloucester— FraxikUji (C), Washington Park (Ja.). 2. HETERANTHERA R. & P. Leaves mostly reniform, sometimes cordate-ovate. 1. H. reniformis. Leaves linear, grass-like, floating. 2. H. dubia. 1. Heteranthera reniformis R. & P. Mud Plantain. M. p. 243. Mud or shallow water. Summer. 2. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. M. p. 243. Still water. Summer. Order 6. LILIALES. Ovary superior (except in Aletr-is of the Liliaceae). Perianth-segments distinct, green or brown, not petal-like; herbs with grass-like leaves and small flowers. Fam. 1. Juncaceae. Perianth-segments distinct, or partly united, at least the inner petal-like. Fruit a capsule. Capsule mostly septicidal; plants rarely bulbous. Fam. 2, Melanthaceae. Capsule loculicidal ; plants mostly bulbous. Fam. 3. Liliaceae. Fruit a fleshy berry. Erect herbs, tendrils none ; flowers perfect. Fam. 4. Convallariaceae. Vines, climbing by tendrils, or rarely erect; flowers dioecious, in axillary umbels. Fam. 5. Smilaceae. Ovary inferior, wholly or in part. Stamens 3, opposite the inner corolla-segments, Fam. 6. Haemodoraceae. Stamens 6. Erect perennial herbs ; flowers perfect. Fam. 7. Amaryllidaceae. Twining vines; flowers dioecious. Fam. 8. Dioscoreaceae. Stamens 3, opposite the outer corolla-segments. Fam. 9. Iridaceae. Family 1. JUNCACEAE Vent. Rush Family. Leaf -sheaths open; capsule 1-3-eelled, many-seeded; placentae parietal or axial. 1, Juncus. Leaf -sheaths closed; capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded, its placenta basal. 2. Juncoidea. 94 FLOE A OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. JUNCUS L. Rush, Bog-eush. Lowest leaf of the inflorescence terete, not conspicuously channeled, erect, appearing like a continuation of the stem, the inflorescence therefore appearing lateral, stem leaves none. Perianth-parts green, or in age straw-colored. 1. J. efusus. Perianth-parts with a chestnut-brown stripe down either side of the midrib. 2. J. Balticus. Lowest leaf of the inflorescence not appearing like a continuation of the stem, or if so, conspicuously channeled along the upper side, the in- florescence usually appearing terminal. Leaf -blade transversely flattened (inserted with its flat surface facing the stem), or terete and channeled, not provided with septa. Flowers bracteolate, inserted singly on the branches of the in- florescence, sometimes clustered or congested, but never in true heads. Annual; inflorescence, exclusive of its leaves, more than one- third the height of the plant. 3. J. bufonius. Perennial ; inflorescence, excluding leaves, not one-third the height of the plant. Leaf-blade flat, but sometimes involute in drying. Gauline leaves 1 or 2, rarely wanting; perianth-parts obtuse. 4. J. Gerardi. Gauline leaves none ; perianth-parts acute or acuminate. Inflorescence usually much . exceeded by its low- est leaf; flowers seldom plainly secund; peri- anth 3.5-5.5 mm. long, usually exceeding the capsule ; capsule obovoid, broadly rounded at apex, the placentae intruded half way to the axis. 5. J. tenuis. Inflorescence rarely exceeded by its lowest leaf; flowers plainly secund on the branches; peri- anth 2.5-4 mm. long, equalling the capsule, capsule oblong, 3-sided, truncate at the apex; placentae meeting at the axis. 6. J. secundus. Leaf -blade terete, channeled along the upper side. Lowest leaf of inflorescence not four lengths of the panicle; capsule oblong to obovoid. Perianth 2.5-3 mm. long, -|)lainly exceeded by the capsule. 7. J. Greenei. Perianth 3.5-4 mm. long, not exceeded by the capsule. 8. J. dichotomus. Lowest leaf of the inflorescence rarely less than four times as long as the panicle ; capsule globose-ovoid. 9. J. setaceus. Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads on branches of the inflor- escence. 10. J. marginatns. Leaf -blade not transversely flattened, commonly terete, hollow, provided with septa. Stamens 6, one opposite each perianth-part. Heads reduced to one, or rarely two flowers. 11. J. pelocarpus. Heads 2-many-flowered. Epidermis not roughened. Plants with two kinds of leaves, one normal, the other basal, submerged, and capillary. 12. J. militaris. Plants without submerged capillary leaves. Capsule oblong, either abruptly acuminate or bluntly acute. 13. J. articulattis. Capsule subulate. JVNCACEAE. 95 Leaf -blades erect ; inner perianth-parts longei^ than the outer. 14. J. nodosus. Leaf-blades abruptly divergent from the stem; outer perianth-parts longer than the inner. 15. J. Torrei/i. Epidermis of the leaves roughened with minute tubercles. 16. J. Caesariensis. Stamens 3, none opposite the inner perianth-parts. Capsule tapering evenly into a prominent subulate beak. 17. J. scirpoides. Capsule obtuse to acute at the apex, sometimes mucronate, but not prolonged into a beak. Seed 0.6-2 mm. long. Perianth about 2 mm. long, the fruiting head not more than 4 mm. high. 18. J. brachycephalus. Perianth 3-4 mm. long, or if shorter, the fruiting head 4 mm. high or more. 19. J. Canadensis. Seed 0.4-0.5 mm. long. 20. /. acuminatus. 1. JuNCUs EFFUSUS L. M. p. 246. Marshy ground. Summer. 2. JuNCUS Balticus Willd. M. p. 247. On shores. Summer. Lancaster — Dillerville Swamp (P.). 3. JuNCUs BUFONius L. M. p. 247. Low grounds. Summer. 4. JuNCUs Gerardi Lois. M. p. 248. Salt marshes. Summer. Belaware — Newtown, Serpentine, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.). New Jersey — Frequent. New Casfie— Collins and Wilmington. 5. JuNCUS TENUIS Willd. M. p. 248. Fields and roadsides. Summer, 6. JuNCUS SECUNDUS Beauv. M. p. 248. Dry soil. Summer. ^ticits— Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— ^nvanQjtovm (VPj). Lan- caster— {P.). Neiv Castle — Serpentine, Commons ; Highlands, Canby. 7. JuNCUS Greenei Oakes and Tuekerm. M. p. 248. Near the coast. Summer. Middlesex— Burts' Creek and Sayreville (C). 8. JuNCUS DICHOTOMUS Ell. M. p. 249. Dry soil near the coast. Summer. Bucks— Bristol, Tullytown, Point Pleasant (Fr.). Montgomery — (P.)- Belaware— Tinicum, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Camden — Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester— Qwedeshoro (Li.), Timber Creek (Te.). Cape May— KoWy Beach, Anglesea (He.), Cape May (Te.). Monmouth — Sandy Hook (C), Seabright (Ke.). New Castle— Near Wilmington, Collins, Commons. 9. JuNCus setaceus Rostk, M. p. 249. Near the coast. Summer. Belaware— Tinicum, Br. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). 10. JuNCUS marginatus Rostk. M. p. 249. Grassy places. Summer. lOo. JuNCUS MARGINATUS ARISTULATUS (Michx.) CoviUe. M. p. 249. Moist sandy places, mostly near the coast. Summer. DeZawm-e— Upper Darby, Br. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Burlington— Aision (Fr.). Cape Ifay— Dennisville, E. Bifenbatigh (B. C), Wildwood, Holly Beach (He.), Cape May (Te.). Atlantic— Atlantic City, Landisville (C). Monmouth Seahright (C). New Castle — Shelpot Creek, Collins, Commons. 96 FLORA OF FUILADKLFHIA. 11. JuNCUS PELOCAKPUS E. Meyer. M. . p. 250. Sandy, wet, or swampy places. Summer. New Jersey— Fine-harrens. Frequent. 12. JuNCUS MiLiTARis Bigel. M. p. 250. Bogs and streams. Summer. Burlingto7i—Aision, Mart. (B. C), Wading River, Atsion River (C), Brown Mills (Li.) (Te.), Stafford Forge (St.). Cape Mai/ — Seaville (C). Atlantic— Ilgg Harbor River (C), May's Landing (He.). Ocean —Toms River, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Manchester (C). 13. JuNCUs ARTicuLATUS L. M. p. 251. Wet grounds. Summer. Montgomery — Willow Grove (Mac). Camden— Petty 's Island (C). Cape May — Ocean City (He.). 14. JuNCUS NODOSUS L. M. p. 251. Bogs. Summer. Bucks — Point Pleasant (Fr.). Lancaster— (F.). Northampton— {P.). 15. JuNCUS ToRREYi Coville. M. p. 251. Ballast. Summer. Camden— Fettj 's Island (C). 16. JuNCUS Caesariensis Coville. M. p. 251. Sandy swamps. Summer. Burli7i gt 071 — (Quaker Bridge, Atsion River (C). Camden — Haddon- field, Mart. (B. C), Griffith's Swamp (C). ^f/a?;etaware— Tinicum (Fu.). New Jersey— Frequent. 19a. JuNCUs Canadensis subcaudatus Engelm. M. p. 252. Moist soil. Summer. i5McA;s— Durham, Eiith (P.). Northampton — (P.). Camden — Camden (C). Atlantic — Landisville (C), May's Landing (Li.). Momnouth—Jled. Bank (C). New Castle— Common. 19ft. JuNCUs Canadensis brevicatjdatus Engelm. M. p. 252. Moist soil. Summer. Lancaster— (F.). Camden— Kieo (Gi.). 20. JuNCUS ACUMINATUS Michx. M. p. 252. Wet sandy soil. Summer. 20a. JuNCUS ACUMINATUS DEBiLis (A. Gray.) Engelm. M. p. 252. Wet, sandy soil. Summer. Bticfcs— Landisville (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Burlington — Atsion (He.), Brown Mills (Te.). Gloucester — Qenier Square (He.). (SaZem— Riddleton (Li.). Cumberland— "H-aXeyviWe (C). Cape May— Dennisville {V.). Orca?!— Forked River (He.). MELANTHACEAE. 97 New CostJe— Frequent. 2. JUNCOIDES Adans. Wood-rush. Inflorescence umbelloid, 1 or 2 flowers on each of its branches. 1. J. pilosum. Inflorescence paniculate, the flowers however appearing crowded in spike- like clusters. 2. J. campestre. 1. JuNCOiDES PILOSUM (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 253. Moist woods. Spring. Buds— Argus (Br.) (Fr.). Montgomery— Sunmeytown (Wn.). 2. JuNCOiDES CAMPESTRE (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 254. Moist fields and woods. Spring. Family 2. MELANTHACEAE R. Br. Bunchflower Family. Flowers numerous in terminal erect racemes or panicles. Anthers oblong or ovate, 2-celled. Anthers introrsely dehiscent. 1. Abama. Anthers extrorsely dehiscent. Flowers perfect. Stem very leafy; leaves linear; seeds few. 2. Xerophyllum. Leaves basal, oblanceolate ; seeds numerous. 3. Helonias. Flowers dioecious; stem leafy. 4. Ch-amaelirium, Anthers cordate or reniform, confluently 1-eelled. Plants glabrous. Perianth-segments not gland-bearing. Flowers perfect; perianth-segments obtuse. 5. Chrosperma. Flowers polygamous; perianth-segments acuminate. 6. Stenantliium. Perianth-segments bearing 1 or 2 glands, or a spot. 7. Zygadenus. Stem and inflorescence pubescent. Perianth-segments clawed, free from the ovary. 8. Melanthium. Perianth-segments not clawed, adnate to the base of the ovary. 9. Veratrum. Flowers solitary, terminal or opposite the leaves, drooping. 10. Uvularia. 1. ABAMA Adans. 1. Abama Americana (Ker.) Morong. Bog-Asphodel. M. p. 255. Pine- barren swamps. Summer. Burlington— Atsion, C. F. ParJcer (B. C), Batsto, MuUica Eiver (C), Quaker Bridge, Jones' Mill (St.). Gloucester— WoodhuTj (C). Atlan- tic— Fleasant Mills (C). Ocean— Forked Eiver, Barnegat, Toms River (C). New Castle— Hailroad side, Vandyke, Commons and Tatnall. 2. XEROPHYLLUM Michx. 1. Xerophyllum asphodeloioes (L.) Nutt. TurTcey-Beard. M. p. 256. Pine-barrens. Spring. New Jersey— Frequent. 98 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. HELONIAS L. 1. Helonias bullata L. Stvamp Pink. M. p. 256. Bogs. Spring. Burlington — Medf or d. (Re.). Caw deu — Cedar Brook (Cr.) (He.) (Mac), Clementoii (Je.) (Re.) (Sa.), Gloucester (Sa.), Haddonfield (U. C. S.), Berlin (Te.), Lucaston (VP.). Gloucester— Bed Bank, E. Difen- baugh (B. C), Wenonah (Gi.), Mickleton (He.), Washington Park (Ja.), Westville (Re.) (Wn.). Salem— BuTetovfii, Berkley (Wa.). Cuinber- ia?ifZ — Millville (Ke.). Mercer — Princeton Junction (G.), Princeton (Te.). Monmouth— Freehold (C.). Ocea«— Manchester, Collier's Mills (C). Middlesex— South Amboy (C). New Castle — 'Near Wilmington (Le.), Peach's, Tatnall; Farnhurst, Purgatory Swamp near Cooch 's. Commons and Tatnall, rare. 4. CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. 1. CHAMAELIRIUM LUTEUM (L.) A. Gray. Devil's Bit. M. p. 256. Low ground. Spring. Philadelphia— Byherry, Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (Je.) (Re.), Ger- mantown Lane (Me.), Old York Road, Cobb's Creek, Sellers' Mill (Te.). Smc^s— Plumsteadville (Fr.), Bycot (Ja.). Mo/i^^'omerT/— Shannonville (Cr.), Ivy Rock (Wn.). Delaware — Cheynej (Gi.), Williamson, Dr. Emily G. Hunt (He.), Wawa (Ja.), Burmont (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), near Darby, Media (Sa.), barrens of Middletown (B. Sm.), Kellyville, Greenwood near Media (Te.), Concord (W. Tr.), Castle Rock (VP.), Wallingford, Chad's Ford (Wn.). C/iester— Westtown (Ha.) (Le.), W. Bradford (St.), Greentree (Te.). Lancaster— {P.). Lehigh— l^ehigh. Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— F^SiSton, Porter (B. C), Bethlehem (Kr.). New Jersei/— Frequent. New Cas//e— Guyancourt, Mount Cuba, becoming rare. Formerly found frequently at hilltop near Brewery. 5. CHROSPERMA Raf. 1. Chrosperma muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Kuutze. Fly-Poison. M. p. 257. Dry, sandy woods. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Willow Grove Ave., Chestnut Hill (Je.), Germantown, extinct(?) (Me.). ^mcAs — TuUytown (Le.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Chester — W. Bradford Twj). (St.). Lancaster— (P.). Burlington— 'BwrYmgion, Beverly (C), Pemberton (Le.) (Te.), near Moorestown (Te.). (7amcZen--Sieklerstovvn, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C.) (Ke.), Camden (C), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.). Tomlin (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). /So^ewi— Auburn (Wa.). Cumherland— Vineland (C). New Castle— Speakman's, Ashland, Commons; Scott's Swamp. 6, STENANTHIUM Kunth. 1. Stenanthium robustum S. Wats. M. p. 257. Moist soil. Summer. - La/icasfer— Pleasant Grove (Ca.), New Texas (Pr.). MELANTHACEAE. 99 7. ZYGADENUS Michx. 1. Zygadenus leimanthoides (A. Gray) S. Wats. M. p. 258. Swamps or wet soil. Summer. Burliiigton— ISi ear Moorestown, Jos. Walton (He.), Atsion (C). Cam- den — liindenw old (VP.). Ocean — Toms River (Le.). Monmouth — Mount Pleasant (C). New CasfZe— Thompson's, Moore's, rare. 8. MELANTHIUM L. Blade of the perianth-segments oblong, entire; leaves linear. 1. M. Virginicum. Blade of the perianth-segments nearly orbicular, undulate; leaves oblance- olate. 2. M. latifolium. 1. Melanthium Virginicum L. Bunch- flower. M. p. 259. "Wet places. Summer. Bucks — Argus, TuUytown (Wn.). Iiro?(f^07ncr7/— Sumneytown (VP.). DeZaware— Williamson (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm,), Tinicum (VP.). Chester— W. Nottingham Twp. (Le.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lan- caster— (F.). Lehigh— Jjehigh Mountain (Kr.). Burlington — Pemberton (C), Oliphant 's Mill (Wa.). 6'amde?i— Cam- den (C), Kirkwood (Wn.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton, locality de- stroyed (He.), Tomlin (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). Monmouth — KeyTpovt (C). New Castle— General and frequent. 2. Melanthium latifolium Desr. M. p. 259. Dry woods and hills. Sum- mer. B«cfcs— Argus, Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware— Swarthmore (St.) (Ws.). C/tes^er— Coatesville, E. E. Stone (B. C), Oakbourne (Wn.). NortJmmp- ton — (P.). Dauphin — (P.). Gloucester— SwedeshoTO (Li.). New Castle — Centerville, Commons, rare; Brandywine hills and Mount Cuba. 9. VERATRUM L. 1. Veratrum viride Ait. American White Hellebore, Indian PoTce. M. p. 259. Swamps and low ground. Summer. 10. UVULARIA L. Bellwort. Capsule obtusely 3-angled, truncate or rounded; leaves perfoliate. 1. TJ. perfoliata. Capsule acutely 3-angled or 3-winged, acute at each end; leaves sessile. 2. U. sessilifolia. 1. UvuLARiA PERFOLIATA L. M. p. 260. Rich woods and thickets. Spring. 2. UvuLARiA SESSILIFOLIA L. M. p. 260. Moist woods and thickets. Spring. 100 FLOE A OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 3, LILIACEAE Adans. Lily Family. Plants bulbous, or with rootstocks, or fibrous-fleshy roots. Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. Eoots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. 1. Hemcrocallis. Plants with bulbs or corms. Flowers umbelled. 2. Allium. Flowers solitary, racenied, corymbed or panicled. Anthers not introrse. Anthers versatile; tall herbs. 3. Lilium. ' Anthers not versatile ; low herbs. Flowers nodding ; capsule obovoid ; seed glob- ular. 4. Frythronium. Flowers erect ; capsule columnar ; seed flat. 5. Tulipa. Anthers introrse. Perianth of 6 separate segments. 6. Ornithogalum. Perianth globose, oblong or urn-shaped. 7. Muscari. Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. 8. Aletris. Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibres. 9. ¥ucca. 1. HEMEROCALLIS L. 1. HEMEROCALLIS FULVA L. Covimon Day-lily. M. p. 261. Meadows and along streams, escaped from cultivation. Summer. 2. ALLIUM L. Leek, Garlic, Onion. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, absent at flowering time. 1. A. tricoccum. Leaves linear, present at flowering time. Bulb-coats membranous, not fibrous reticulated. Flowering umbel nodding. 2. A. cernuum. Flowering umbel erect. Sepals not keeled; inner filaments toothed under the anthers. 3. A. vineale. Sepals keeled; inner filaments not toothed. 4. A. carinatum. Bulb-coats fibrous-reticulated. 5. A. Canadense. 1. Allium tricoccum Ait. M. p. 262. Eich woods. Early summer. P/iiZadei;^ /wo— Wissahickon (Je.) (Ee.). 2?wcis— Eidge Valley (Fr.). Montgomery — ^\i&niaQn\\\\Q (Cr.), Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware — Haverford, Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Aston (W. Tr.), Cheyney (Ws.). Lancosfer— Peach Bottom (Ca.), Williston Twp, (Pr.). Berks— (P.). Dauphin— (P.). Gloucester— S-we^eshoTo (Li.). SalemSulem (C), Woodstown (He.) (Wa.). Mercer— Groveville (C). New CasfZe— Speakman's, Tatnall; Point Lookout, Mount Cuba, Com- mons. 2. Allium cernuum Eoth. M. p. 263. Banks and hillsides. Summer. Lancaster— York Furnace. 3. Allium vineale L. M. p. 263. Moist meadows and fields. Early sum- mer. 4. Allium carinatum L. M. p. 1046. Fields. Buck's- Grenoble, N. F. Arnold (Fr.). LILIACEAE, 101 5. Allium Canadknse L. M. p. 2G3. Moist meadows and thickets. Spring. Fhiladelphia—BjhQxry, Mart. (B. C), Wissahickon (Gi.) (Je.), Ger- mantown (Me.). JSucis— Sellersville (Fr.), Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware -Lansdowne (Pe.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Chester (W. Tr.), Darby (Ws.). Lancaster— CP.). DaupJmi—Steelton {'Wn'.). Burlington— MeAfoTd (St.). Camden— Camden (C). Gloucester- Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Westville (Mar.) (Wn.). ifercer— Trenton (C). Middlesex— 'Woodhridge (C). 3. LILIUM L. Flower or flowers erect; perianth-segments narrowed into long claws. 1. L. Philadelphicum. Flowers drooping or spreading; perianth-segments not clawed. Leaves finely roughened on the veins beneath. 2. L. Canadense. Leaves perfectly smooth; perianth-segments recurved. 3. L. superbum. 1. LiLiUM Philadelphicum L. Wood Lily. M. p. 265. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia — Chew's Wood (Je.). Bucks — Rock mil (Fr.) (Ja.) (Mac), Tullytown (Le.), Sellersville (Re.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Mont- gomery— Green Lane (Br.). Detoware— Williamson (Cr.) (Fu.) (Wn.), near Media (Sa.) (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.), Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter— V/. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster— (P.). Ber/fs— Hamburg (Br.) (He.). Lehigh— J^ehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— Pen Argyl (He.). Gloucester— One plant near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). At- lantic—May's Landing (C). Monmouth— Keyport (C). New Castle — Brandywine, etc. Not common. 2. Lilium Canadense L. Yellow Field Lily. M. p. 265. Moist meadows and bogs. Summer. 3. Lilium superbum L. Turk's Cap. M. p. 265. Rich low grounds. Summer. Philadelphia— Byheriy, Mart. (B. C), Germantowu, extinct(?) (Me.), Wissahickon (Re.). Bucks— Tnllytown (Le.). Montgomery— Edge Hill (Je.), Frazer's Bog, Willow Grove (VP.), Hillside (Ws.). Delaware— Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Chad's Ford (Wn.). Ches- ter—Nottingham Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster— Peach Bottom (Cr.). North- ampton— (P.). New Jersey — Common. Netv Castle ^Frequent south of Christiana Creek. 4. ERYTHRONIUM L. 1. Erythronium Americanum Ker. Yellow Adder's Tongue. M. p. 266, Moist woods and thickets. Spring. 5. TULIPA L. Tulip. 1. TuLiPA sylvestris L. M. p. 1046. Meadows. Philadelphia Stenton (Br.). J5wc/ts— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Mont- gomery — Lansdale (Fr.). 102 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 6. ORNITHOGALUM L. Star-of-Bethlehem Flowers corymbose, erect; pedicels long, slender. Flowers racemose, drooping; pedicels very short, stout. 1. Oenithogalum umbellatum L. M. p. 267. Early summer. 2. Oenithogalum nutans L. M. p. 267. Escaped from gardens. Spring, 1. 0. umbellatum. 2. 0. nutans. Escaped from gardens. 7. MUSCAEI Mill. 1. MuscAEi BOTRYOIDES (L.) Mill. Grape Hyacinth. M. p. 268. Escaped from gardens into copses and fence rows. Spring. 8. ALETEIS L. 1. Aletris farinosa L. Colic-root, Star-grass. M. p. 269. Dry, sandy soil. Early summer. Philadeljjhia — Wissahickon, extinct (1) (Me.) (Re.). Montgomery — Willow Grove (Mac). Delaware — Bhoads ' Swamp (Fu.), Williamson (Le.), Lima (Ja.) (Wn.), Swarthmore (Sch.), Thatcher's Swamp, Aston (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— Oxford (Cr.), W. Bradford (St.). New Jersey — Southern counties, frequent. New Castle— Hand's, Clark's, etc. 9. YUCCA L. 1. Yucca filamentosa L. Adam's Needle. cultivation. Summer. M. p. 270. Escaped from Family 4. CONVALLARIACEAE Link. Lily-of-the-Valley Family. Leaves reduced to scales; leaf -like branchlets filiform. 1. Asparagus. Leaves broad; stems simple or somewhat branched. Leaves alternate or basal. Leaves basal ; flowers umbelled or solitary. 2. Clintonia. Leaves alternate (solitary in flowerless plants of No. 4). Perianth-segments separate. Perianth segments 6. 3. Vagnera. Perianth-segments 4. 4. Unifolium. Perianth eylindric or oblong, 6-toothed. 5. Salomonia. Leaves nearly basal ; flowers racemed ; perianth 6-toothed. 6. Convallaria. Leaves in 1 or 2 whorls below the flower or flowers. Leaves in 2 whorls; flowers umbelled. 7. Medeola. Leaves in 1 whorl; flowers solitary. 8. Trillium. 1. ASPARAGUS L. 1. Asparagus officinale L. Garden Asparagus. from cultivation. Summer. M. p. 270. Escaped 2. CLINTONIA Raf. 1. Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. M. p. 270. Cold, moist woods. Lancaster— Paradise Valley (Sa.). Lehigh— Salshnrg (Kr.). Spring. 3. VAGNERA Adans. Flowers numerous, panicled. Flowers few-several, racemose. 1. V. racemosa. 2. F. stellata. CONFALLARIACEAE. iQfS 1. Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong. False Spikenard. M. p. 271. Moist woods and thickets. Early summer. 2. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong. M. p. 271. Moist banks. Spring. Philadelphia — BaTtram's Garden (Te.). i'wcA-.s — Sellersville (Fr.). Chester— (F.). Lancaster— hancaster, A. P. Garbcr (B. C). Lehigh— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— (F.). . Cape Ma^/— Wildwood (Cr.) (He.), Anglesea (Li.), Cape May Point (Te.). 4. UNIFOLIUM Adans. 1. Unifolium Canadense (Desf.) Greene. False Lily-of-the-V alley. M. p. 271. Moist woods and thickets. Early summer. 5.' SALOMONIA Heist. Solomon 's Seal. Leaves pubescent beneath; filaments filiform, roughened. 1. S. bifloia. Plant glabrous throughout; filaments smooth, somewhat flattened. 2. S. commutata. 1. Salomonia biflora (Walt.) Britton. M. p. 273. Woods and thickets. Early summer. 2. Salomonia commutata (R. & S.) Britton. M. p. 273. Moist woods and thickets. Early summer. 6. CONVALLAEIA L. 1. Convallaria majalis L. Lih/-of-the-Valley. M, p. 273. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 7. MEDEOLA L. 1. Medeola Virginiana L. Indian Cucumber-root. M. p. 274. Rich, damp woods. Spring. 8. TRILLIUM L. Wake Robin. Petals obovate or oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long. 1. T. grandiflorum. Petals ovate or lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long. Peduncle 3-10 cm. long, erect or declined; petals spreading. 2. T. erectum. Peduncle 3 cm. long or less, recurved beneath the leaves ; petals re- curved. 3. T. cernuum. 1. Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. M. p. 275. Rich woods, also in cultivation. Spring. Lancaster — Harris Station (Ca.), Fulton Twp. (Pr.). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). 2. Trillium erectum L. M. p. 275. Rich woods. Spring. J5wc^'-s— Nockamixon (Fr.). Chester— Y alley Forge (Cr.). Lancaster —York Furnace (Ja.) (Li.), hills opposite Marietta (Le.), Paradise Val- ley (Sa.). Burlington — Bordentown (C.) . 3. Trillium cernuum L. M. p. 275. Rich woods. Spring. Philadelphia — Wissahickon, Shawmont (Sa.), Fairmount Park (Te.) (Wn.). Bwcts — Nockamixon (Cr.), Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery — Schuylkill River, Mart. (B. C), Bryn Mawr (Ke.), Flat Rock Tunnel 104 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. (Te.)- Delaware — Swarthmore (Pr.) (Ws.), Wawa (Sa.), Palmer's Mills, Upper Providence (B. Sm.), near Newtown (VP.), Chad's Ford (Wn.)- Chester— Westtown, Upland (Le.), Valley Forge (Mac.)- Lan- caster— {V.). Le7w^7t— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Woodbury, Mul- lica Hill (C). Salem — Woodstown, Swedes Bridge (Wa.). Mercer — Trenton (C). Netv Castle — General and frequent. Family 5. SMILACEAE Vent, Smilax Family. 1. SMILAX L. Green Brier, Cat-brier. Stem annual, herbaceous, unarmed. Leaves usually ovate, thin. . 1. S. herbacea. Leaves usually hastate, coriaceous. 2. S. tamnifolia. Stem perennial, woody, usually armed with prickles. Berries black or bluish-black. Fruit ripening the first year. Leaves glaucous. 3. S. glauca. Leaves green on both sides. Leaves rounded or lanceolate, 5-nerved. 4. S. rotuvdifolia. Leaves ovate, 7-nerved. 5. S. hispida. Leaves deltoid or deltoid-hastate, 5-7-nerved, often with 1 or 2 additional nerves on each side. 6. S. Bona-nox. Fruit ripening the second year; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, ever- green. 7. S. laurifoUa. Berries red. 8. S. Walteri. 1. Smilax herbacea L. Carrion-flotver. M. p. 276. Woods and thickets. Spring. 2. Smilax tamnifolia Michx. M. p. 276. Pine-barrens. Early summer. Philadelphia— lIo\mes}3urg Junction (Ws.). Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Townsend, Canby and Tatnall; Thompson's, Farnhurst, Pencader. 3. Smilax glauca Walt. M. p. 276. Dry thickets. Spring. Bucks — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Deiowore— Tinicum (P.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster— {P.). Norlhamp- ton—(P.). Burlington— Atsion, Pemberton (Te.), Brown Mills (Wn.). Camden — Cedar Brook (Ke.) (Mac). Gloucester — Common (He.), Washington Park (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic — Egg Harbor (Pr.), Elwood (Te.), Absecon (Wn.). New Casiie— Frequent. 4. Smilax rotundifolia L. Common Green-brier, Horse-brier. M. p. 277. Woods and thickets. Spring. 5. Smilax hispida Muhl. M. p. 277. Thickets. Early summer. Bucks — Pock Hill (Fr.), Argus (Wn.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.), Susquehanna opposite Marietta (Le.). Northampton— {P.). New Castle — Near Will's Eock, Mount Cuba; not common. 6. Smilax Bona-nox L. M. p. 277. Thickets. Early summer. Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). niOSCOEEACEAE. 105 7. Smilax I.AUUIFOUA L. M. p. 277. Pine-barren thickety. Spring and summer. Burlington — Quaker Bridge, .Tuckertou, Speedwell (St.). Ailantic — Hammonton (Je.) (Ko,), Elwood (Te.). Omt/t— Forked Kiver, Toms River. New Castle— Cedar Swamp, Collins, Commons. 8. Smilax Walteri Pursh. M. p. 277. Pine-barrens. Spring. Burlington — Atsion (C), Quaker Bridge. Cumberland — Vineland (Ab.). ^tZanftc— Landisville, May's Landing (C), Egg Harbor (Sa.). Cape Ma?/— Cape May (C). Family 6. HAEMODORACEAE li. Bi. Bloodwort Family. 1. GYROTHECA Salisb. 1. Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walt.) Salisb. Bed-root. M. p. 278. Swamps near the coast. Summer. Burlington— Qluakev Bridge, Br. Geo. Smith (Eu.), Atsion (Fr.), Han- over (Ja.), Ballinger's Mill (St.), Taunton (Sts.). Camden— Ateo (Gi.), Cedar Brook (Ja.) (Mae.). ^!ear Miekleton, a single plant (He.). 16. TIPULARIA Nutt. 1. TiPULARiA UNIFOLIA (Muhl.) B. S. P. Crane-fly Orchis. M. p. 304. Woods. Summer. Delaware— Fnsej's "Woods, C. E. and A. H. Smith (Fu.), near Darby (P.). Gloucester— S-wedeshoro (Li.). Cape May— Cape May (Cr.). Mon- mouth — Freehold (C). Netv CasiZe— Newark, Kilvington, Centerville, Tatums, Iron Hill, Com- mons. Rare. 17. APLECTRUM Nutt. 1. Aplectrum spicatum (Walt.) B. S. P. Putty-root, Adam-and-Eve. M. p. 305. Woods in rich mould. Spring. P/iitodeZ2:>/na — Wissahickon (Je.) (Re.), Shawmont (Sa.). Buclcs — Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Mojii^'owieri/— Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware— Swarthmore (Fu.) (Sa.) (Ws.), Wawa, Chester Creek (Sch,), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Chester— Westtown (Le.), Greentree (Te.). Lancaster— York Furnace (St.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle— Mount Cuba (Ja.), near Newark. In northern parts, but rare. 18. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Coral-root. Lip not deeply 3-lobed. Lip 2-toothed or 2-lobed above the base. 1. C. Corallorhiza. Lip entire, or merely denticulate. Flowers about 6-8 mm. long; lip not notched; column narrowly winged. 2. C. odontorhiza. Flowers 14 mm. long; lip notched; column manifestly winged. 3. C. Wisteriana. Lip deeply 3-lobed; flowers 12-18 mm. long. 4. C. multiflora. 1. Corallorhiza Corallorhiza (L.) Karst. M. p. 305. Woods. Spring. Delaware— Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Lancaster— Millersville, Mart. (B. C.) (Ca.). New Castle— "Not common. 2. Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. M. p. 305. Woods. Summer. Philadelphia— 'Wissahiekon, Mart. (B. C.) (Re.). jBucfcs— Springfield (Fr.), Penn Valley (Ja.), Argus (Re.) (IT. C. S.). Montgomery— Shan- nonville (Cr.), Ardmore (Le.), Schwenkville (U. C. S.). Delaware— Ijans- downe (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.) (Ws.), Adele (Sa.), Concord (W. Tr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Chester — Y alley Forge (Ja.), Paoli (IT. C. S.), West Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Ja.) (Ke.), Lehigh— Woods near Deily's, Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). 114 FLORA OF FHIL.U)K1J'HIA. Ca7ndew— Camden (C.)- Gloucester— ^eweW, Mullica Hill (C), uear Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Merce?-— Princeton, Trenton (C). New Castle — Mount Cuba (Le.). General, but not common. 3. CoRALLORHiZA WiSTERiANA Conrad. M. p. 30.5. Woods. Spring. PWiadeip/ifa— Wissahickon (Re.). Chester— {V.). Lancaster— {V.). 4. CORALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA Nutt. M. p. 306. Woods. Summer. P/ittodeZp/iia— Wissahickon (Re.). 5mcAs— Durham (Fr.). iJontgom- er?/— Shannonville (Cr.), Bryn Mawr (Gi.), near Ardmore (Le.). Dela- ware— S-warthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster —York Furnace (Ja.) (Ke.) (Li.). Ber^s— Mount Neversink, Mart. (B, C), Hamburg (Ke.). Lehigh— Woods near Geissinger 's, E. A. Eau (B. C), Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Caw rZe?!— Camden (C). Hunterdon — Hosemont (C). New Castle — McCullough 's, Canby. Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES. Series]. CHORIFETALAE. Order 1. PIPER ALES. Family 1. SAURURACEAE Lindl. Lizard's-tail Family. 1. SAURURUS L. 1, Saururus cernuus L. Lizard's Tail. M. p. 307. Swamps. Summer. Order 2. SALIOALES. Family 1. SALIC ACEAE Liiull. Willow Family. Bracts fimbriate or incised ; stamens numerous. 1. Populus. Bracts entire; stamens 2-10. 2. Salix. 1. POPULUS L. Petioles terete or channelled, scarcely or not at all flattened laterally. Leaves persistently and densely white-tomentose beneath, lobed or coarsely sinuate-dentate. 1. P. alba. Leaves glabrous or nearly so when mature, crenate. Foliage densely tomentose when young; capsule slender-pedicelled. 2. P. heterophylla. Foliage not tomentose; capsule short-pedicelled. 3. P. candicans. Petioles strongly flattened laterally. Leaves broadly deltoid, abruptly acuminate. Young leaves pubescent ; capsule nearly sessile. 4. P. nigra. Young leaves not pubescent; capsule slender-pedicelled. 5. P. deltoides. Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular. Leaves coarsely sinuate-dentate. 6. P. grandidentata. Leaves crenulate-denticulate. 7. P. tremuloides. 1. Populus alba L. White Poplar, Abele. M. p. 308. Occasionally spon- taneous. Early spring. SALIC ACE AE. 115 2. PoPULus HETEROPHVLLA L. Dowuy Poplav. M. p. 308. iSwamps. Early spring. Delaware— CP.). Chester— {P.). Cumberland— FortesGue Beach (C). Netv Castle— Uockessin, Tatnall; Townsend, Canby; Stanton, Ca7iby; Harvey, Tatnall; Tatems. Rare. 3. PoPULUS CANDICANS Ait. Balm-of-Gilead. M. p. 309. Escaped from cultivation. Early spring. 4. PoPULUS NIGRA L. Block Poplar. M. p. 309. Valleys of rivers. Early spring. Salem— B&nka of Delaware (C). 5. PoPULUS DELTOIDES Marsh. Cottonwood, Necldace Poplar. M. p. 309. Moist soil, especially borders of streams. Early spring. 6. PoPULUS GRANDIDENTATA Michx. Lurge-toothed Aspen. M. p. 310. Rich woods. Early spring. Philadelphia— Haddington (Te.), Wissahiekon (VP.). Bucls— Sellers- ville (Fr.), Rock Hill (Mac). Montgomery— 'Edge Hill (VP.). Dela- ware — Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). C7(e.s^er — Valley Forge (Cr.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lancaster— (P.). iJe?-A.«— Hamburg (Ke.). Lehigh — Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Burlington — Moorestown (C). Camden — Atco (C). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). JJIo?(?)!OM(/i— Holmdel (C). New Castle— Grant ^s, Tatnall; J. Mason's, Milltown. 7. PoPULUs TREMUL0IDE3 Michx. American Aspen. M. p. 310. Dry or moist soil. Earlj' spring. Philadelphia — (P.). Buclcs — Near Sellersville (Fr.), Mechanicsville (Ws.). Moni^omer?/— Shannonville (Cr.). I>e?aifa?-e— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— N alley Forge (Cr.). Lehigh Coplay (Kr.). N orthampton— {P .) . New Jersey— Common (C). New Castle— J^ate H. Grant's, Greenbank, Commons. 2. SALIX L. Willow, Osier. Capsule glabrous, or slightly silky when young in No. 8. Trees or larger shrubs with serrate, acute or acuminate leaves. Stamens 3-7 ; filaments hairy at the base ; bracts caducous, light yellow. Pedicels slender, 3-5 times as long as the gland. Petioles and stipules without glands. 1. S. nigra. Petioles and stipules with prominent glands. 2. 8. lucida. Pedicels about twice as long as the gland. 3. S. fragilis. Stamens 2. Filaments hairy at the base ; bracts caducous yellow. Pedicels in fruit 1-3 mm. long. Stigma sessile; leaves linear or lance-linear. 8. S. fluviatilis. Style evident, but short; leaves lanceolate. 3. S. fragilis. Pedicels in fruit less than 1 mm. long; stigma sessile. Branches not drooping; leaves lanceolate. 4. S. alba. 116 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Branches drooping; leaves linear-lanceolate. 5. S. Bdbylonica. Filaments glabrous; bracts persistent. 6. >S. cordata. Very low shrubs with serrate or crenate, obtuse leaves; filaments gla- brous. 7. S. myrtillifolia. Capsule silky or tomentose. Filaments distinct. Capsule distinctly pedicelled, rostrate ; style none or short. Mature leaves not densely hairy beneath. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. Filaments hairy; capsule slightly silky when young, in age glabrate. 8. S. fluviatilis. Filaments glabrous; capsule permanently hairy. 9. S. petiolaris. Leaves oblong, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate. Bracts fuscous, obovate or cuneate, long-hairy. 10. S. discolor. Bracts yellow, linear-oblong or lanceolate, 11. S. Bebiiana. Mature leaves densely white-hairy beneath. Leaves white-tomentose beneath. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, slender-petioled. 11. S. Bebbiana. Leaves oblanceolate, short-petioled. Leaves 5-10 cm. long; fruiting aments 2-3 cm. long. 12. S. humilis. Leaves 2-4 cm. long; fruiting aments 1 cm. long, 13. S. tristis. Leaves silvery -silky beneath. 14. S. ■sericea. Capsule subsessile. 15. S. viminalis. Filaments united; pedicel and style none. 16. S. purpurea. 1. Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow. M. p. 312. Along streams. Spring. Philadelphia— Bjherry, Mart. (B. C), 45th and Market streets (Mac). Bmc^s— Narrowsville (Mac), Delaware— Darby Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Tinicum (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {Y.). Lancaster — (P.). LeM^^/i— Along the Lehigh (Kr.). Northampton— (P.) . Dau- phin— (F.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Common. la. Salix nigra falcata (Pursh.) Torr. M. p. 313. Along streams. Spring. Philadelphia— 'ByheTTj, Mart. (B.C.). Bmc^s— Sellersville (Fr.). Dela- ware— Dnrhj Creek (Fu.). New Castle— "Not common. 2. Salix lucida Muhl. M. p. 313. Swamps and banks of streams. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Nicetoyvn (Le.). Buclcs— Banks of Delaware, Mart. (B. C). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Le7n^?i— Lowlands, Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— 'Easton, Porter (B. C). Monmouth—Sandy Hook (Mac). New Castle — Cherry Island, Commons. 3. Salix fragilis L. Cracic Willow. M. p. 313. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 4. Salix alba L. White Willotv. M. p. 313. Moist soil. Spring. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), 46th and Chestnut streets SAUCACEAE. 117 (Mac.)- JB'uc^'6•— Sellersville (Fr.). Cetowore— Upper Darby, cultivated (B. Sm.)- Chester— (F.). Lancaster— (V.). Northampton— (P.). New Jersey — Common. 4a. Salix alba vitellina (Ij.) Koch. M. p. 314. Moist soil. Spring. Philadel2}hia—Bj}3erTj, Mart. (B.C.). C7iester— Valley Forge (Cr.). New Castle— HocklRnd, Brinkle's. 5. Salix Babyi.onica L. Weeping Willow. M. p. 314. In cultivation. Spring. 6. Salix cordata Muhl. M. p. 314. Wet soil. Spring. Swcts — Near Point Pleasant (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Folsom (Ws.). Chester— (P.). TMn caster— (P.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin- (P.). New Jersey/— Frequent (C). New Castle— Delaware Junction, Rockland, Commons, Tatnall, Cariby ; Townsend. 6o. Salix cordata angustata (Pursh.) Anders. M. p. 314. Wet soil. Spring. Lancaster — (P.). 7. Salix myrtilloides L. M. p. 316. Bogs. Spring. Lancaster — (P.) . 8. Salix fluviatilis Nutt. M. p. 316. Along streams. Spring. Bmc^s— Island of Delaware (Fr.). Lancaster— {P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— (P.). New CasiZe— Hamburg Cove. 9. Salix petiolaris J. E. Smith. M. p. 316. Swamps. Spring. Buclis — ^eav Sellersville (Fr.). Z>etoware — Middletown (B. Sm.). C/ies^er— Frazier (Pr.). Lancaster— {P.). CaTndeji— Kaighn's Point (C). Gloucester— ^wed^esboro (Li.). 10. Salix discolor Muhl. M. p. 316. Swamps and moist hillsides. Early spring. Philadelphia — Stenton (Br), Shawmont (Le.). Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.) (Mac). Detaimre— Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster -(P.). New Jersey— Covavaou (C). New Cas*Je— Frequent. 11. Salix Bebbiana Sarg. M. p. 317. Moist or dry soil. Spring. i'wc^s — Perkasie (Fr.). Delaware -—^avia (Fu.), Folsom (Ws.). Lehigh— l^amel Hill (Kr.). Northampton— Pen Argyl (He.) (Li.). 12. Salix humilis Marsh. M. p. 317. Dry soil. Spring. ^McA-s— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Haverford, Ridley Creek (Fu.), road above Llauerch (B. Sm.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton -(P.). New Jersey — Common. 13. Salix tristis Ait. M. p. 318. Dry soil. Early spring. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia, MacElwee (U. C. S.) . Bncls—Argns, Rock Hill (Fr.). Petorare— Barrens of Middletown, Chrome Run (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). 118 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden — Gloucester (C), Atco (Pr.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton, staminate plants only (He.), Swedesboro (Li.)- Salem — Salem (C). Cumberland—Bvidgeton (C). Middlesex— South Amboy, Morgan Sta- tion (C). New Castle— Iron Hill, etc. Not common. Mount Cuba, staminate plants, Commons. 14:. Salix sericea Marsh. M. p. 318. Swamps and along streams. Spring. Philadelphia — {P .) . Buds — Argus (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr.). OeZaware— Williamson (Le.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— (P.). Le/itp/i— Catasauqua (Ca.). Northampton — (P.). New Jersey— Common (C). New Castle— Frequent, 15. Salix viminalis L. Osier Willow. M. p. 318. Escaped from cultiva- tion. Spring. Delaware— (P.). 16. Salix pukpukea L. M. p. 320. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. Bucks— Near Quakertown (Fr.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — (P.). Middlesex— South Amboy (C). New CosiZe— Roadsides, Latrobe Feeder, Comvwns and Tatnall. Orders. MYRICALES. Family 1. MYRICACEAE Dumorl. Bayberry Family. Ovary subtended by 2-4 bractlets; leaves serrate or entire, estipulate. 1. Myrica. Ovary subtended by 8 linear, persistent bractlets; leaves pinnatifid, stip- ulate. 2. Comptonia. 1. MYRICA L. 1. Mykica cerifera L. Bayberry, Wax-myrtle. M. p. 321. Sandy soil, especially near the coast. Spring. Philadelphia— billow Grove Avenue, Chestnut Hill (Je.). Delaware— Tinicum (B. Sm.). LeM^/i— Salsburg (Kr.). Netv Jersey — Common. New CasiZe— Collins, Canby; Oldtowu, Commons; Kiamensi, Tatnall. 2. COMPTONIA Banks. 1. Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coulter. Sireet Fern. M. p. 321. Dry soil. Spring. Order 4. JUGLANDALES. Family 1. JUGLANDACEAE Liiidl. Walnut Family. Husk indehiseent; not rugose or sculptured. 1. Juglans. Husk at length splitting into segments ; nut smooth or angled. 2. Hicoria. 1. JUGLANS L. Fruit globose, obtuse, not viscid; petioles puberulent. 1. J. nirjra. Fruit oblong, pointed, viscid; petioles pubescent. 2. J. cinerea. JUGLANDACEAE. 119 1. JuGLANS NIGRA L. Black Wahiut. M. p. 323. Rich woods. Spring. 2. JuGLANS CINEREA L. Butternut, White Walnut. M. p. 323. Rich ot rocky woods. Spring. 2. HICORIA Raf. Bud-scales valvate; lateral leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, falcate. 1. U. minima. Bud-scales imbricate ; lateral leaflets not falcate. Husk of the fruit freely splitting to the base; middle lobe of staminate calyx narrow, often at least twice as long as the lateral ones. Bark shaggy, separating in long plates. Leaflets 3-5 (rarely 7) ; nut rounded at the base, 1-2 cm. long. 2. //. ovnta. Leaflets 7-9; nut usually pointed at both ends, 2. .1-3 cm. long. 3. H. laciniosa. Bark close, rough ; leaflets 7-9. 4. H. alba. Husk of fruit thin, not freely splitting to the base; lobes of the stam- inate calyx mostly nearly equal. Fruit nearly globular; nut thin-shelled; bark, at least that of old trees, separating in strips. 5. H. microcarpa. Fruit obovoid; nut thick-shelled; bark close. 6. H. glabra. 1. HicORiA MINIMA (Marsh) Britton. Bitter-imt, Swamp Hickory. M. p. 324. Moist soil. Spring. 2. HiCORiA OVATA (Mill.) Britton. Shell-hark, Shag-bark. M. p. 324. Rich soil. Spring. 3. HicORiA LACINIOSA (Michx.) Sarg. Big Shell-bark, King-nut. M. p. 324. Rich soil. Spring. Philadelphia— (F.). Bucks— Bock Hill, Bedminster (Fr,), Sellersville (Mac). xl/o/(*f7ome/-2/— Shannonville (Cr.). Z^eZaware— Swarthmore, one tree (Pr.), Radnor, J. Evans (B. Sm.). Lancaster— (F.). Berks— (P.). Ifercer— According to Mr. Chas. E. Smith a large tree at Borie station on P. R. R., 15 miles from Trenton (Ke.). 4. HicORiA ALBA (L.) Britton. Mocker-nut, Whiic-heari Hickory. M. p. 325. Rich soil. Early summer. 5. HlcORiA MICROCARPA (Nutt.) Britton. Hickory. M. p. 325. Rich woods. Spring. 6. HiCORiA GLABRA (Mill.) Britton. Pig-nut Hickory. M. p. 325. Dry hills and uplands. Early summer. HicoRiA Pecan (Marsh.) Britton. Pecan. M. p. 324. In cul- tivation. Spring. Philadelphia— Bnrtr am 's Garden (Je.). Delaware —Goimord (W. Tr.). Orders. PAGALES. Both staminate and pistillate flowers in aments. Fam. 1. Betulaceae. Pistillate flowers subtended by an involucre, which becomes a bur or a cup in fruit. Fam. 2. Fagaceae. 120 FLOh'A OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 1. BETULACEAE Asjardh. Birch Family. Btaminate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, destitute of a calyx; pistillate flowers with a calyx. Staminate flowers with no bractlets ; pistillate aments spike-like ; nut small, subtended by or enclosed in a large bractlet. Fruiting bractlet flat, 3-cleft and incised. 1. Carpinus. Fruiting bractlet bladder-like, closed, membranous. 2. Ostrya. Staminate flowers with 2 bractlets; pistillate flowers 2-4, capitate; nut large, enclosed by a leafy involucre. 3. Corylus. Btaminate flowers 3-6 together in the axil of each bract, with a calyx; pis- tillate flowers without a calyx. (Stamens 2; filaments 2-cleft, each fork bearing an anther-sac; fruit- ing bracts 3-lobed or entire, deciduous. 4. Betula. Stamens 4; anther-sacs adnate; fruiting bracts woody, erose or 5- toothed, persistent. 5. Alnus. 1. CARPINUS L. 1. (Jakpinus Caroliniana Walt. American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Water Beech. M. p. 326. Along streams. Spring. 2. OSTRYA Scop. 1. Ostrya Virginiana (Mill.) Willd. Hop-hornbeam, Ironwood, Lever- wood. M. p. 327. Dry woods. Spring. P/iiZadeZp7ua — Wissahickon (Le.) (Me.). J5«cfcs — Near Sellersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Ja.), Rock Hill (Mac), New Hope (Ws.). Dela- ware— Chester Valley (Le.), Radnor, J. Evans (B. Sm.), Kellyville (Tc), Chester (W. Tr.). Chester— \s\\ej Forge (Cr.), Willistown Twp. one tree (Pr.). Lancaster— Paradise (St.). Lehigh — Jordan and Lehigh River, Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton— ^a&toii, Porter (B. C). Hunterdon — Along the Delaware (C). Somerset — Roxiticus (C). New Castle— 'Near Fish Ponds, Naaman's Creek. 3. CORYLUS L. Filbert. Involucre of 2 broad laciniate bractlets. 1. C. Americana. Involucral bractlets united, prolonged into a tubular bristly beak. 2. C. rostrata. 1. Corylus Americana Walt. Wild Hazel-nut. M. p. 327. Thickets. Early spring. 2. Corylus rostrata Ait. Beaked Hazel. M. p. 327. Thickets. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wissahickon (Me.). Bucks— Boek Hill (Fr.). Mont- gomery— iich^\enksvi\l(i {JJ. C. S.). Chester— Valley Forge (Cr.) (W. Tr.), Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C), Nottingham Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster— (P.). Berts— Hamburg. Lehigh— Ijow Hill (Kr.). Hunterdon— Jiosemojit, Bloomsburg (C). New Castle— 'Rocky hillsides at High Bridge, N. side. 4. BETULA L. Fruiting aments peduncled; bark chalky-white. 1. B. populifolia. Fruiting aments peduncled; bark greenish-brown or brown. 2. B. nigra. Fruiting aments sessile, at the ends of short branches; bark brown or yellowish. FAGACEAE. , 121 Fruiting bracts 4 mm. long, lobed at the apex; leaves shining above. 3. B. lenta. Fruiting bracts 8 mm. long, lobed to about the middle; leaves dull above. 4. B. lutea. 1. Betula populifolia Ait. American White Birch, Gray Birch. M. p^ 328. Moist or dry soil. Spring. 2. Betula nigra L. River or Bed Birch. M. p. 328. Banks of streams. Spring. 3. Betula lenta L. Cherry, Blaclt or Sweet Birch. M. p. 328. Eick woodlands. Spring. 4. Betula lutea Michx. f. Yellow or Gray Birch. M. p. 329. Moist woodlands. Spring. Lancaster— {V.). Le/ii^fe— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Dauphin— {F.). 5. ALNUS Gaertn. Alder. 1. Alnus eugosa (Duroi) K. Koch. M. p. 330. Wet soil. Early spring. Family 2. FAGACEAE Drude. Beech Family. Staminate flowers capitate; nut sharply triangular. 1. Fagus. Staminate flowers in slender aments; nut rounded or plano-convex. Pistillate flowers 2-5 in each involucre; involucre becoming globose and very prickly in fruit, enclosing the nuts. 2. Castanea. Pistillate flower 1 in each involucre; involucre of numerous scales forming a cup in fruit and subtending the acorn. 3. Quercus. 1. FAGUS L. 1. Fagus Americana Sweet. Beech. M. p. 331. Rich soil. Spring. 2. CASTANEA Adans. Leaves green both sides; large trees. 1. C. dentata. Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath; shrub or small tree. 2. C. pumila. 1. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. M. p. 331. Rich soil. Early summer. 2, Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. Chinquapin. M. p. 332. Dry soil. Early summer. Chester — (P.). Lancaster— Opposite York Furnace (St.). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). Gloucester— ClarkshoTo (C), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Tomlin (Wn.). /Saiem— Jericho (C), Penn Grove (Wa.). Mercer — Trenton, White Horse, Mercerville (C). New Castle— Newark, J. Webb; Middletown, J. A. Hunter; St. George's, Tatnall. Scarce. 3. QUERCUS L. A. Leaves or their lobes bristle-tipped, deciduous; acorn maturing in autwnn of second year. Leaves pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. Leaves green on both sides. Cup of the acorn saucer-shaped, much broader than high. Cup 16-25 mm. broad, acorn ovoid ; leaves dull. 1. Q. rubra. Cup 8-16 mm. broad; leaves shining. 2. Q. palustris. 122 » FLORA OF PHILADFLPHIA. Cup of the acorn turbinate or henuspherie. inner bark gray to reddish ; leaves deeply lobed. Leaves shining both sides, lobed to near the midrib. 3. Q. coccinea. Leaves dull and paler beneath ; acorn ovoid. 4. Q. horealis. Inner bark orange. 5. Q. velutina. Leaves white or gray-tonientose beneath. Large trees; leaf-lobes lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, long. 6. Q. digitata. SShrub or low tree ; leaf -lobes triangular-ovate, short. 7. Q. nana. Leaves 3-5 lobed above the middle or entire, obovate or spatulate in outline. Leaves obovate, crenate, brown-floccose beneath. 8. Q. Mnrylaiidica. With characters intermediate between Q. Marylandica and Phellos. 9. Q. BudMni. Leaves spatulate, glabrous both sides. 10. Q. nigra. Leaves entire, oblong, lanceolate or linear -oblong. Leaves linear-oblong, green and glabrous on both sides. 11. Q. Phellos. With characters intermediate between Q. rubra and Q. Phellos. 12. Q. heterophylla. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, brown-tomentose beneath. 13. Q. imbricaria. B. Leaves or their lobes not bristle-tipped, decidiious ; acorns maturing in autumn of first year. Leaves pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. Mature leaves pale or glaucous and glabrous beneath; cup shallow. 14. Q. alba. Mature leaves tonientulose beneath; cup one-third to fully as long as the acorn. Upper scales of the cup not awned. Leaves yellowish-brown tomentulose beneath ; acorn ovoid. 15. Q. minor. Leaves white-tomentulose beneath; acorn depressed-globose. 16. Q. lyrata. Upper scales awned, forming a fringe around the acorn. 17. Q. macrocarpa. Leaves crenate or dentate, not lobed. Fruit peduncled. Peduncle much longer than petioles; leaves white-tomentulose beneath. 18. Q. platanoides. Peduncle equalling or shorter than the petioles; leaves gray-tomentu- lose beneath. Bark white, flaky. 19. Q. Michauxii. Bark close. 20. Q. Prinus. Fruit sessile or nearly so. Tall trees. 21. Q. acuminata. Shrub or low tree; leaves oval or obovate. 22. Q. prinoides. 1. QUERCUS RUBRA L. Red Oak. M. p. 333. Eich or poor soil. Early summer. 2. QuERCUS PALUSTRis DvL Roi. Swamp Oak, Pin Oak. M. p. 333. Low ground. Early summer. 3. QuERCus COCCINEA Wang. Scarlet Oak. M. p. 333. Moist or dry soil. Early smnmer. LAGACEAE. 123 4. QuKRCUS BUKEALis Michx. Gray Oak. M. p. 334. Rich soil. Early summer. New Castle — Dry woods opposite Kentmere. 5. (JUERCUS VELUTiNA Laiu. Quercitron, Yellow-barked or Black Oak. M. p. 334. Dry or gravelly uplands. Early summer. 6. QuERCUs DiGiTATA (Marsli.) Sudw. Spatiish Oak. M. p. 334. Dry soil. Early summer. Fhiladelphia—ByheTTy, Man. (B. C.)., Grays Ferry (Ha.), 52d Street Woods (Mac), Lancaster Pike (Me.). Peilatmre— Providence (Fu.), Darby (Fu.) (Gi.) (Ws.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Fernwood (B. Sm.), Tinicum (St.), Chester (W. Tr.), Leiperville (Ws.). Chester— CP.). New Jersey — Common in southern counties (C). Ne%v Castle — General and common. 7. (^UERCUS NANA (Marsh.) Sarg. Bear or Black Scrub Oak. M. p. 334. Sandy barrens and rocky hills. Spring. S. QUERCUS Marylandica Muench. Black-Jack or Barren Oak. M. p. 334. Dry sandy barrens. Early summer, y. C^UERCUS EuDKiNi Britton. M. p. 334. jSmcAs— Tull}i;own (Cr.). Burlington — Bivminghaia (C). Gloucester — Riddleton (C). 3/ow- mowi/i.— Middletown, Cliff wood, Keyport (C). 10. QuERCUS NIGRA L. JVatcr Oak. M. p. 335. Along streams and swamps. Spring. Delaware — Chrome Kuu, Middletown (B. Sm.). 11. QuERCUS Phellos L. Willow Oak. M. p. 335. Bottomlands or rich sandy uplands. Spring. 12. QuERCUs heterophylla Michx. Bartram Oak. M. p. 335. Moist woods. Early summer. P7i(7adeZ2J^tia— Bartram 's Garden (Cr.). iJwcfcs— TuUytown (Cr.). Burlington — ^lowni Holly (C). Ca mde/t—Haddonfield (C). Glou- cester — Woodbury, Mickleton (C). Salem — Riddleton (Br.), Penn Grove (C). Cumberland— YRivtoin (C). Oc(?an— New Egypt (C). New Castle — Townsend, MeeJian; West Junction, Commons ; Stanton, Battens, Tatnall. Rare. 13. QuERCUS imbricaria Michx. Laurel or Shingle Oak. M. p. 335. Rich woodlands, cultivated. Spring. Philadelphia — Haddington (P.). Lehigh — Griesemer Farm w. of Allentown (Kr.). 14. QuERCus ALBA L. White Oak. M. p. 335. All soils. Late spring. 15. QuEKCUS MINOR (Marsh.) Sarg. Post or Iron Oak. M. p. 335. Sar.dy or sterile soil. Late spring, 16. QuERCUs LYRATA Walt. Overcup or Post Oak. M. p. 336. River banks. Spring. Philadelphia— Bartraxn's Garden, Mort.,(B. C), near Grays Ferry(Ha.). G^ottces^er— Mickleton (He.). ;Sa?e?n— Riddleton (Cr.) (He.) (Li.) Atlantic— Yentnor (Gi.). 124 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. 17. QuERCUs MACROCARPA Michx. Bur Oak, Mossy-cup Oak. M. p. 336. Eich soil, cultivated. Spring. Philadelphia— Bartram's Garden, Wissahickon (Je.). Montgomery— Chelten Hills (Te.). Detaware— Lansdowne (Pe.). Northavipto7i—{P.). Atlantic— YentnoT (Gi.). New Castle— One tree between Broome and Eodney streets near Lover- ing Avenue, Canby. 18. QuERCus PLATANOiDES (Lam.) Sudw. Swamp White Oak. M. p. 336. Borders of streams and swamps. Spring. Philadelphia— Washington Square (Je.). Bv^ks—'Rock Hill (Pr.), Argus (Ke.). Mowi^o mer-^/ — Shannonville (Cr.), Edge Hill (Me.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.), Tinicum (B. Sm,). Chester— WJRistoTNn Twp. (Pr.), Pocopsin (St.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Ke.). Lehigh — Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Burlington — Moorestown (Br.), Marleton (C), Medford (St.). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). SoZem— Riddle- ton (Wa.). Netv Castle — Richardson's, Red Clay Creek. Scarce. 19. QuERCus MiCHAUXii Nutt. Basket Oak, Cow Oak. M. p. 336. Moist soil. Spring. Burlington — Moorestown (Br.). New Castle— J. Woodward's woods, Commons. 20. QuERCUS Prinus L. Rock Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Rocky banks and hillsides. Spring. 21. QuERcus ACUMINATA (Michx.) Houda. Yellow Oak, Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Dry soil, especially limestone ridgess. Early summer. Philadelphia — Center Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks — 'Near Sellersville (Fr.). C'^es^er— Valley Forge (St.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Gloucester— MnWica Hill (C), near Mickleton (He.). Cumberland — Bridgeton (C). Neiv Crtst/c— Serpentine, Centerville, Commons; Brandywiue Hills. 22. QuERCUs PRiNOiDEs WUld. Scrub Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Dry sandy or rocky soil. Spring. B-wcfcs — Nockamixon (Fr.). Detoware — Williamson (Ja.), Marple (B. Sm.), Castle Rock (VP.). Chester— Serpentine Barrens near West- town (Le.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). New Jersey— Common. New Castle— 'Near Wooddale, Christiana. Rare. Order 0. URTIOALES. Fruit not an achene (except in Humulus and Cannabis) : trees, shrubs, or herbs, ovule pendulous. Trees with alternate leaves, sap not milky. Fam. 1. Ulmaceae. Trees with alternate leaves and milky sap or opposite leaved herbs, or herbaceous vines. Fam. 2. Moraceae. Fruit an achene; herbs with small clustered greenish flowers; ovule erect or ascending. Fam. 3. Urticaceae. MOB ACE AE. 125 Family 1. ULMACEAE. Elm Family. Flowers borne in clusters on twigs of the preceding season; fruit a samara or nnt-like. 1. Vlmus. Flowers borne on twigs of the season, the pistillate mostly solitary; fruit a drupe. 2. Celtis. 1. ULMUS. Leaves slightly rough above; samara densely ciliate. 1. U. Americana. Leaves very rough above; samara not ciliate. 2. U. fulva. 1. Ulmus Americana L. American White Elm. M. p. 338. Moist woods, especially along rivers in rich soU. Early spring. 2. Ulmus fulva Michx. Slippery or Bed Elm. M. p. 338. Woods. Early spring. "2. CELTIS L. Leaves smooth above. 1. C. occidentalis. Leaves scabrous above. 2. C. crassifolia. 1. Celtis occidentalis L. Nettle-tree, Sugar-berry, Hackberry. M. p. 339. Dry soil. Spring. 2. Celtis crassifolia Lam. Hackberry. M. p. 339. Dry soil. Spring. jK-Mcts— Sellersvillo (Fr.). Montgomery — Green Lane (Br.). Lancas- ter— (P.). Northampton.— {P.). Dauphin— {P.) . Family 2. MORACEAE- Mulberry Family. Trees or shrubs; stipules fugacious. Staminate and pistillate flowers spiked; leaves dentate or lobed. 1. Morus. Staminate flowers racemose or spiked; pistillate capitate. Pistillate perianth deeply 4-clef t ; leaves entire. 2. Toxylon. Pistillate perianth 3-4 toothed; leaves various. 3. Broussonetia. Erect or twining herbs; stipules persistent. Twining vines; pistillate flowers in ament-like clusters. 4. Humulus. Erect herb; pistillate flowers spicate. 5. Cannabis. 1. MORUS. Leaves rough above, pubescent beneath; fruit purple, spikes 2-6 cm. long. 1. M. rubra. Leaves smooth and glabrous, or very nearly so, fruit nearly white; spikes 1-1.5 cm. long. " " 2. M. alba. 1. Morus rubra L. Bed Mulberry. M. p. 340. Rich woods. Spring. 2. Morus alba L. White Mulberry. M. p. 340. Spontaneous near houses. Spring. 2. TOXYLON Raf. 1. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Osage orange. M. p. 340. Planted for hedges and occasionally spontaneous. Spring. 3. BROUSSONETIA L'Her. 1. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Paper Mulberry. M. p. 340. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 1<26 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. ■ 4. HUMULUS L. 1. HuMULUS LuPULUS L, Hop. M. p. 341. Alluvial banks. Escaped from cultivation. Summer. 5. CANNABIS L. 1. Cannabis sativa L. Hemp. M. p. 341. Waste places. Summer. Family 3. URTIGACEAE- Nettle Family. Herbs with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite; both kinds of flowers 4-parted; achene straight. 1. Urtica. Leaves alternate ; staminate flowers 5-parted ; achene oblique. 2. Urticastrum. Herbs without stinging hairs. Flower-clusters panicled or spiked, not involucrate leaves mostly opposite. Pistillate calyx 3-parted or of three sepals. 3. Adicea. Pistillate calyx 2-4 toothed or entire. 4. Boehmeria. Flower-clusters involucrate by leafy bracts; leaves alternate. 5. Parietaria. 1. UETICA L. Nettle. Perennials, 0.6-2.2 m. tall; flower clusters large, compound. Leaves ovate, cordate at base. 1. U. dioica. Leaves laciniate, rarely cordate. 2. U. gracilis. Annuals 1..5-4 dm. tall, flower clusters small, oblong, rather dense. 3. U. urens. 1. Urtica dioica L. M. p. 342. Waste places and roadsides. Summer. 2. Urtica gracilis Ait. M. p. 342. Dry soil. Summer. BmcA's— NockamLxon (Fr.) (Ja.). Montgomery— ShannonviWe (Cr.). Z>etot(;are— Haverford, Nitre Hall Mill Dam, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Lans- downe (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Lmicaster— Peach Bottom (Le.). Northampton — 'Ei&.?,ton, Porter (B. C). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Bordentown (Wn.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.), Mercer — Trenton (C). Hunterdon — Booles Island, J. S. Moyer (B. C). 3. Urtica urens L. M. p. 342. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Camden— Kaighns Point (Ja.). Hunterdon— Below Booles Island(C.). 2. UETICASTEUM Fabr. 1. Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuiitze. Wood Nettle. M. p. 343. Rich woods. Summer. 3. ADICEA Raf. 1. Adicea pumila (L.) Raf. Bichweed. M. p. 343. Cool and moist shaded places. Summer. 4. BOEHMERIA Jacq. 1. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Willd. False Nettle. M. p. 343. Moist ground. Summer. ABISTOLOCHIACEAE. 127 5. PARIETAEIA L. 1. Parietaria Pennsylvanica Muhl. Pellitory. M. p. 343. Shaded rocky banks. Summer. Bucks — Narrowsville (Br.), near Sellersville (Fr.)- Chester — Phoenixville, Mart. (B. C.) (Sch.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.) (Le.), near Safe Harbor (Wn.). Monmouth — Sandy Hook (C). Order 7. SANTALALES. Tree-parasites, with opposite leaves or scales; fruit a berry. Fam. 1. Loranthaceae. Root-parasites, leaves alternate; fruit a drupe. Fam. 2. Santalaceae. Family 1. LORANTHACEAE D. Don. Mistletoe Family. 1. PHOEADENDRON Nutt. 1. Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh.) Nutt. American Mistletoe. M. p. 345. On various deciduous trees. Summer. Delaware — Middletown, Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), near Elwyn (B. Sm,). Chester— (F.). Lancaster— {F.). Berfcs— Monocacy Junc- tion (Ca.). Burlington — New Lisbon (C), Medford (Br.) (Re.). Camden — Clementon (Br,), Atco, Kaighns Point (C). Gloucester— Near Mickle- ton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Woodbury (C). ^aZem— Riddleton (Cr.), Bushtown (Wa.), Woodstown (C). Cumberland— Yineland, Bridgeton (C), near Millville (Le.). Atlantic — Tiammonton, Landisvillc (C). May's Landing (He.). Ocean— Near Lakewood (C). Mo)pnouth—Ke\- port (C). ilfe?Te/-— Hightstown (C). New Castle— Folly Woods, J. P. Richardson, Tatnall; Townsend, Canby. Family 2. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sandalwood Family. 1. COMANDRA Nutt. 1. COMANDRA umbellata (L.) Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. M. p. 345. Dry fields and thickets. Early siimmer. Order 8. ARISTOLOOHIALES. Family 1. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Blume. Birthwort Family. Acaulescent herbs ; perianth regular, persistent ; filaments distinct. 1. Asartim. Erect, leafy-stemmed herbs; perianth irregular; deciduous; anthers sessile. 2, Aristolochia. 1. ASARUM L. Wild Ginger. Sepals lanceolate-acuminate, not reflexed, longer than the hypanthium. 1. A. Canadense. Sepals triangular, merely acute, reflexed, about as long as the hypanthium. 2. A. reflexum. 1. AsARUM Canadense L. M. p. 348. Rich woods. Spring. 128 FLORA OF PHILADKLFHIA. 2. AsARUM REFLEXUM Bicknell. M. p. 349. Rich soil. Along streams. Spring. Delaware— [^F.). Bucks— Bidge Valley, Rock Hill (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— (P.). 2. ARISTOLOCHIA L. 1. Aristolochia Serpentaria L. Virginia Snalceroot. M. p. 349. Dry woods. Summer. 2. Aristolochia Clematitis L. Birthwort. M. p. 349. Escaped from cultivation. Summer. Order 9. POLYGONALES. Family]. POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family. Stigmas tufted. I. Bumex. Stigmas capitate. Pedicels mostly several together, achene much surpassing the calyx 2. Fagopyrum. Pedicels usually fascicled, achene mostly enclosed by the enlarged calyx, 3. Polygonum. Pedicels solitary; leaves jointed at base. 4. Polygonella. 1. RUMEX L. Sorrel. Dock. Leaves hastate; flowers dioecious, foliage acid, low species. 1. B. Acetosella. Leaves not hastate; flowers perfect or polygamo-dicecious ; foliage scarcely or not at all acid; tall species. Leaves flat, bright or light green, or glaucescent. Tubercles usually 3. 2. B. verticillatus. Tubercle usually 1; pedicels equalling the wings. 3. B. altissimus. Leaves wavy-margined or crisped, dark green, not glaucescent. Wings entire, more or less undulate. Lower leaves narrowed or acuminate at base. 4. B. Britanniva. Lower leaves narrowed or acvuninate at base. Tubercles mostly 3, pedicels long. 5. B. crispus. Tubercle 1 ; inflorescence not leafy, pedicels short. 6. B. sanguineus. Wings toothed or fringed. Lower leaves cordate. 7. B. obtusifolius. Lower leaves mostly narrowed at base. 8. B. persicarioides. 1. Rumex Acetosella L, Field or Sheep Sorrel. M. p. 354. Dry fields and hillsides. Summer. 2. Rumex verticillatus L. Swaanp Dock. M. p. 354. Swamps. Summer, Delaware— Swarthmore (Ws.). Burlington — Medf Old (St.). Cape May — Wildwood (Cr.) (Wn.), Anglesea (Ke.). New Castle— ^dgemooT, Canby; Cedar Swamp, Commons; Delaware City, etc. 3. Rumex altissimus Wood. M. p. 355. Moist grounds. Spring. Lancaster — Safe Harbor (P.). POLYGON ACE AK. 129 4. RuMEX Britannica L. M. p. 356. Wet places. Summer. Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.) (Mac). Cape May— Anglesesi (He.) (Li.). Hunterdon — Near Rosemont (C). 5. RuMEX CRiSPUS L. Curled Dock. M. p. 356. Cultivated and waste grounds. Summer. 6. RUMEX SANGUINEUS L. M. p. 356. Waste places. Summer. Bttcfcs— Near Sellersville (Fr.), Rockfield (P.). Lefei^/i— Saegersville (Kr.). Camden — Ancora (Gi.). 7. RuMEX OBTUSiFOLius L. Bitter Bock. M. p. 357. Waste places. Summer. 8. RuMEX PERSiCARioiDE.s L. Golden Docl:. M. p. 357. Sandy shores. Summer. Delaware— Along the Delaware, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sra.). RuMEX CONGLOMERATUS Murr. Waste places. Summer. Camden — Wharf at Camden (Li.). RUMEX MARITIMUS L. Golden Dock. Philadelphia— Old Navy Yard, I. Burk (He.). Camden— Ballast (C). Ocean and Monmouth — Salt marshes (C). 2. FAGOPYRUM L. 1. Fagopyrum Fagopyrum (L.) Karst. Buckwheat. M. p. 358. Waste places. Summer. 3. POLYGONUM L. Smartweed, Knotweed. 1. Flowers in terminal spike-like racemes; calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted; stem not twining. Racemes solitary or 2 ; aquatic or swamp species ; perennials. Leaves oblong, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, not acuminate. 1. P. amphibium. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, usually acuminate. 2. P. emersum. Racemes several or numerous; annuals or perennials mostly terrestrial. Ocreae naked or ciliolate, their limbs not spreading. Racemes drooping. Achene ovoid; style 2-parted to near the base. 3. P. incarnatum. Achene broadly oblong-ovoid, style 2-cleft to below the middle. 4. P. lapathifoUum. Racemes erect. 5. P. Pennsylvanicvm. Ocreae fringed with bristles, their limbs not spreading. Racemes not interrupted, erect, achene lenticular or 3-angled. 6. P. Persicaria. Racemes not interrupted, drooping. 7, P. Careyi. Racemes not interrupted, erect; achene always 3-angled. 8. P. hydropiperoides. Racemes interrupted, erect or drooping. Achene granular and dull ; racemes drooping. 9. P. Hydropiper. Achene smooth, shining; racemes erect. 10. P. punctatum. Ocreae fringed with bristles, their limbs normally spreading. 11. P. orientale. 2. Flowers in long, naked, much-interrupted, spike-like racemes; calyx 4- parted. 12. P. Virginianum. 130 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. Flowers in axillary clusters ; stems more or less wiry, not twining. Plant prostrate ; acliene invested by the calyx. Leaves mostly acute; style 3-partecl to below the middle. 13. P. aviculare. Leaves mostly obtuse; style 3-parted to the base. 14. P. littorale. Plants prostrate, achene protruding beyond the calyx. 15. P. maritimum. Plants erect or ascending, rather stout. Leaves oval, oblong, or obovate, persistent. 16. P. ereetum. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-oblong, persistent. 17. P. ramosissimum. Plants strictly erect and very slender. 18. P. tenue. 4. Flowers in axillary and terminal ckisters, racemes or panicled racemes; stems mostly twining. Stems twining; herbaceous vines. Outer segments of the calyx unchanged or keeled in fruit. Achene granular and dull, ocreae not bristly. 19. P. Convolvulus. Achene smooth and shining, ocreae bristly. 20. P. eilinode. Outer segments of the calyx conspicuously winged in fruit. Calyx wings not incised. 21. P. scandens. Calyx wings incised. 22. P. cristatum. Stems stout, erect, tall; outer calyx-segments winged in fruit. 23. P. Zuccarinii. 5. Flowers in capitate clusters or racemes; stems climbing by recurved prickles. Leaves sagittate; achene 3-angled. 24. P. sagittatum. Leaves halberd-shaped; achene lenticular. 25. P. arifoUum. 1. Polygonum amphibium L. M. p. 360. Ponds. Summer. Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.) (He.) (Li.). Northampton— CP.). Dauphin Steelton (Wn.). Himterdon— (C). New Castle— Qherry Island, Holly Oak, Vandyke, etc. 2. Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton. M. p. 360. Swamps and moist soil. Summer. BucJcs — Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Tinieum, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — 'Easton, Porter (B.C.). Gloucester — 'Re-pSi.u^o (He.). Mercer — Below Trenton (C). Hun- terdon — Bulls Island (C). 3. Polygonum incarnatum Ell. M. p. 360. Wet soil. Summer. Lancaster— (P.) . Northampton— {P.). Dauphin — (P.). Camden — Banks of Delaware (C). 4. Polygonum lapathifolium L. M. p. 361. Waste places. Summer, Philadelphia — Fairmount Park (Ja.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Z>eZot(;are— Lansdowne (Gi.). Chester— West Chester (P.). Cape May— Anglesea (He.) (Li.) 5. Polygonum Pennsylvanicum L. M. p. 361. Moist soil. Summer. 6. Polygonum Persicaria L. Lady's Thumb. M. p. 361. Waste places. Summer. 7. Polygonum Careyi Olney. M. p. 362. Marshes. Summer. Burlington— Vomher.tan (C), Brown Mills (He.) (Li.). Camden— FOLYGONACEAE. 131 Winslow (C). G?o?icesteZou'are — Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester — Westtov^n, West Chester (Me.) (Pr.), West Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster— New Texas (Ca.). 2. CLAYTONIA L. 1. Claytonia Virginica L. Spring Beauty. M. p. 385. Moist woods. Spring. 3. POKTULACA L. Glabrous throughout; flowers small, yellow. 1. P. oleracea. Pilose pubescent, especially in the axils. 2. P. pilosa. 1. Portulaca oleracea L. Purslane. M. p. 386. Cultivated and waste grounds. Summer. 2. Portulaca pilosa L. M. p. 386. Ballast. Summer. Camden — Camden (He.). Family 7. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Keichenb. Pink Family. *Calyx of united sepals, tubular or ovoid. Calyx-ribs at least twice as many as the teeth, running both into the teeth and into the sinuses. Styles 5, alternate with the foliaceous calyx-teeth. 1. Agrostemma. Styles 3, rarely 4. 2. Silene. Styles 5 and opposite the short calyx-teeth, capsule l-(Jelled to base. 3. Lychnis. Calyx 5-ribbed, 5-nerved, or nerveless, or striate-nerved. Petals appendaged at the base of the blade. 4. Saponaria. Petals not appendaged at the base of the blade. Calyx strongly 5-angled, not bracteolate. 5. Faccaria. Calyx terete or nearly so, subtended by bractlets. 6. Bianthus. 138 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. *"*Calyx of distinct sepals, or the sepals united only at the base. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by apical teeth or valves. Styles separate to the base; stipules wanting. Plants not fleshy; disk of the flower inconspicuous or none. Petals deeply 2-cleft or 2 -parted (rarely none). Capsule ovoid or oblong, dehiscent by valves. 7. Alsine. Capsule cylindric, commonly curved, dehiscent by teeth. 8. Cerastium. Petals entire or emarginate (rarely none). Capsule cylindric. 9. Holosteum. Capsule ovoid or oblong. Styles as many as the sepals. 10. Sagina. Styles fewer than the sepals. Seeds not appendaged by a strophiole. 11. Arenaria. Seeds strophiolate. 12. Moehringia. Plants fleshy, maritime, disk conspicuous, 8-10-lobed. 13. Ammodenia, Styles separate to the base; stipules scarious. Styles and capsule-valves 5. 14. Spergula. Styles and capsule-valves 3. 15. Tissa. Fruit an indehiscent or irregularly-bursting utricle or achene. Leaves stipulate. Sepals awn-tipped. 16. Paronychia. Sepals awnless. 17. Anychia. Leaves not stipulate. 18. Sclerantlius. 1. AGEOSTEMMA L. 1. Agrostemma Githago L. Corn Coclie. M. p. 388. In grain fields and waste places. Summer. 2. SILENE L. Catchfly, Campion. Leaves, or some Of them, verticillate in 4 's. 1. 8. stellatu. Leaves all opposite. Calyx much inflated and bladdery. Flowers few, leafy-bracted. 2. S. alba. Flowers numerous, in leafless cymes. 3. S. viUgari.t. Calyx merely expanded by the ripening pod. Flowers cymose or paniculate. Day-blooming, flowers rarely white, mostly pink or red. Perennials, more or less viscid-pubescent. Petals 2-cleft, 2-lobed, or irregularly incised, scarlet or crimson. 4. S. Virginica. Petals erose, entire or emarginate, pink. 5. S. Caroliniana. Annuals, glutinous at or below the nodes. Calyx ovoid. 6. S. anlirrliina. Calyx club-shaped; flowers large, cymose. 7. S. Armcria. Night-blooming, flowers large, white. 8, S. noctiflora. Flowers spicate or racemose, short-pedicelled. Spike-like raceme simple; flowers small. 9. S. Anglica. Raceme forked; flowers 12-16 mm. broad. 10. S. dicliotoma. 1. SiLENE STELLATA (L.) Ait. Starry Campion. M. p. 389. Woods. Summer. 2. SiLENE ALBA Muhl. M. p. 389. Shaded or moist places. Summer. Lancaster — Peach Bottom (Ca.) (Pr.), York Furnace (Cr.) (Le.), mouth of Tucquan Creek (St.), Safe Harbor (W. Tr.). CARYOPRYLLACEAK. 139 3. SiLKNE VULUMUS (Moench.) Garcke. Bladder Caminon. M. p. 389. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Greenv^'ich Point (Te.), Wayne .Junction (Wn.). North- ampton— (F.). C«mde«—Kaighn's Point (He.) (Wn.). Merce;-- Trenton (C). 4. SiLENE ViRGiNiCA L. Fire Pink, Catchfly. M. p. 390. Dry woods. Summer. Camden — Camden (C). Gloucester— Woodhurj (Gi.). New Castle— Townsend, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Thatcher's, Mount Cuba. 0. SiLENE Cakoliniana Walt. Wild Piiil. M. p. 390. Dry sandy or rocky soil. Spring. 6. SiLENE ANTIRRHINA L. Sleepy Catchfly. M. p. 390. Waste places and woods. Summer. 7. SiLENE Armeria L. Sweet William Catchfly. M. p. 390. Escaped from gardens. Early summer. 8. SiLENE noctiflora L. Night-floweriug Catchfly. M. p. 391. Waste places. Summer. 9. Silene Anglica L. M. p. 391. Ballast. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wayne Junction (Br.), Greenwich Point, I. Burl- (He.). Northampton — (P.) . Camden — Kaighn's Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Ja.). 10. Silene dichotoma Ehrh. M. p. 391. Waste places. Summer. Mercer— Trenton (C). 3. LYCHNIS L. CaljTC-teeth not twisted; plants pubescent, glandular or glabrate. Fruiting calyx much enlarged, ovoid or globose. Flowers white or pink, opening in the evening. 1. L. alba. Flowers red, opening in the morning. 2. L. dioica. Fruiting calyx campanulate or tubular. 3. L. Flos-cuculi. Calyx-teeth twisted, plant white-woolly all over. 4. L. Coronaria. 1. Lychnis alba Mill. Evening Lychnis. M. p. 392. Waste places and on ballast. Summer. PhUadelphia— Ballast, C. A. Boice (B. C), FaUs of Schuylkill (Pr.). Neck (VP.). 5«cA-s — Doylestown, A. S. Martin; Sellersville (Fr.). De^ott'are — Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Northampton — (P.). Caw cZe « — Kaighn's Point, Ancora (Mar.) (Sch.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.), National Park (VP.). Monmouth— Liong Branch (C). Mercer — Trenton (C). New CaseiaM;are— Mineral Hill < He.), Cheyney (Ws.). Chester— {F.). Lan- caster— '^evf Texas (Ca.). 9. HOLOSTEUM L. 1. Holosteum umbellatum L. M. p. 398. Fields and roadsides. Spring. Lancaster— Ijaneaster, A. A. Heller (B. C), Conestoga (Li.). Dauphin — Black Horse, Middletown (S. Tr.). 142 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. New Castle — Centerville, Commons; Newark, Canby; Mt. Cuba, Tatnali. 10. S AGIN A L. Pearlwort. Parts of the flower in 4's (or some of the flowers in 5's). Plant depressed, spreading, petals present. 1. S. procumbens. Plant erect ; petals very minute or none. 2. S. apetala. Parts of the flower in 5 's. 3. S. decumbens. 1. Sagina procumbens L. M. p. 399. Moist places. Spring and summer. Philadelphia — Streets and yards between paving bricks. Northampton — Streets of Bath (P.). Camden — Streets and ballast, Camden (C). Monmouth — Asbury Park (Te.). Mercer— Streets, Princeton (C). New Castle — Quarryvdlle, Commons; Tenth street near Orange; sidC' yard, 1803 Market street, etc. 2. Sagina apetala Ard. M, p. 399. Dry soil. Early summer. Buclcs — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Burlington — Hanover (C). Camden — Ballast (C). 3. Sagina decumbens (Ell.) T. & G. M. p. 399. Dry soil. Spring. Burlington — Pemberton (Te.). Camden — Glovxcester and ballast (C.). Gloucester— 'Westville (Wn.). Salem— Mouth of Game Creek (C). Cape May — Wildwood (He.) (Li.). Atlantic — Egg Harbor, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.) (Sts.), Atlantic City, May's Landing (C), Hammonton (W. Tr.). Monmouth — Deal (C). 3a. Sagina becumbens Smithii (A. Gray) S. Watson. M. p. 399. Damp soil. Spring. Atlantic— X\Aa.\\t\i.' City, Soniers ' Point (C). 11. ARENAEIA L. Sandwort. Valves of the capsule 2-cleft or 2-toothed, sometimes appearing as if double the number of styles. 1. A. serpyllifoUa. A^'alves of the ca]isule entire. Leaves densely imbricated, pine-barren species. 2. A. Caroliniana. Leaves fascicled in the axils. 3. A. Michauxii. 1. ARENAiiiA serpyllifolia L. M. p. 400. Sandy waste places. Summeri 2. Arenaria Caroliniana Walt. M. p. 401. Dry sand. Summer. New Jersey — Common in pine-barrens. 3. Arenaria Michauxii (Eenzl.) Hook. f. M. p. 401. Rocks and dry wooded banks. Summer. Bwc^s— Near Point Pleasant (Fr.), Narrowsville (Li.), below Eiegels- ville (Ws.). Montgomery — Ivy Rock. Chester— West Chester, Mart. (B. C.) (He.) (Pr.). Lancaster- (P.). Northampton — (P.). Neui Castle — Serpentine, Christiana Hd., Commons. 12. MOEHRINGIA L. 1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl. M. p. 402. Moist places. Sum- mer. Bucks— B.ook Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— 'Br jn Mawr (Gi.). Delaware —Near State Line (Ta.). Chester— {Y.). Lancaster— (F.). CAKIOFHYLLACEAE. 143 Crt»ir/eji-Lindenwokl (VP.)- ^^po ^lic;?/ -Anglesea, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.)- Atlantic— Atlantic City. 13. AMMODENIA J. G. Gmel. 1. AMMODENIA PEPLOiDEs (L.) Rnpr. Sea-beack Savdivort. M. p. 402. Sands of the seashore. Summer. 14. SPERGULA L. 1. Spergula arvensis L. Corn Simrrey. M. p. 402. Fiehis and waste places. Summer. 15. TISSA Adans. Sand Spurkey. Species of salt marshes or sea-beaches; leaves very fleshy. 1. T. marina. Species mostly of dry, sandy soil; leaves scarcely fleshy. 2. T. rubra. 1. TisSA MARINA (L.) Britton. M. p. 403. Salt marshes. Summer. New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Deakjnes, rare. 2. TisSA RUBRA (L.) Britton. M. p. 403. Waste places and roadsides; also seacoast. Philadelphia— :NsiV J Yard, Mart. (B. C), streets of city. Bucks -Fer- kasie (Fr.). Lancaster— {I'.). Dauphin— (P.). Camden— Kaighn's Point (Te.). Gloucester— Mickleton (C). Cape May — Sea Isle (Li.), Cape May Court-house (U. C. S.). Atlantic — Atlantic City. Middlesex— 'New Brunswick (C). 16. PARONYCHIA Adans. 1. Paronychia argyrocoma (Michx.) Nutt. Whitlow -wort. M. p. 404. Rocks. Summer. Philadelphia— "Wissahiekon (Je.). Petowa re— Rockdale, Dr. Geo. Mar- tin (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Nortlmmpton—Ten Argyle (U. C. S.). 17. ANYCHIA Michx. Pubescent; flowers sessile; stems mostly prostrate or ascending. 1. A. dichotoma. Glabrous or nearly so ; flowers pedicelled ; stems usually erect. 2. A. Canadensis. 1. Anychia dichotoma Michx. M. p. 405. Open places and dry woods. Summer. 2. Anychia Canadensis (L.) B. S. P. M. p. 405. Dry woodlands. Sum- mer. 18. SCLERANTHUS L. 1. Scleranthus annuus L. Knawel. M. p. 405. Fields and waste places. Spring to autumn. Order 11. RANALES. Aquatic herbs; floating leaves peltate, or with a basal sinus. Carpels 3 or more; petals large; floating leaves not dissected. Fam. 1. Nymphaeaoeae. ]44 FLOE A OF PHILADKLFEIA. Pistil 1; petals nonej leaves whorled, all submerged and dissected. Fam. 2. Ceratophyllaeeae. Land or marsh plants (some Eanunculaceae aquatic). Stamens numerous; sepals distinct; petals present (except in some Eanunculaceae). Eeceptacle not hollow; leaves alternate (except in Clematis). FlovFers perfect (except in some species of Clematis and Tha- lictrum). Fruit aggregate, cone-like ; trees ; sepals and petals in 3 series or more, of 3. Fam. 3. Magnoliaceae. Fruit not aggregate; the carpels separate, at least when mature. Anthers not opening by valves; pistils usually more than 1. Sepals 3; i^etals 6; shrubs or trees. Fam. 4. Anonaceae. Sepals 3-15; petals (when present) about as many, Fam. 5. Banunculaceae. Anthers opening by valves (except in Podophyllum) ; pistil 1. Fam. 6. Berber idaceae. Dioecious climbing vines with simple leaves; fruit drupaceous. Fam. 7. Menispermaceae. Eeceptacle hollow, enclosing the numerous pistils and achenes; opposite-leaved shrubs. Fam. 8. Calycanthaceae. Stamens 9-12, in 3 or 4 series of 3; anthers opening by valves; aro- matic trees or shrubs with no petals, more or less united sepals, and 1 pistil. Fam. 9. Lauraceae. Family 1. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water-lily Family. Sepals and petals 3 ; stamens 6, hypogynous ; carpels distinct ; ovules few. Leaves dissected, excepting the small floating ones. 1. Cabomha. Leaves peltate, entire, floating. 2. Brasenia. Sepals 4-6 ; petals numerous or several, carpels united ; ovules numerous. Petals small or minute; stamens hypogynous. 3. NymiyJiaea. Petals large, numerous, stamens epigynous. 4. Castalia. Sepals 4-5 ; petals numerous ; carpels distinct, immersed in the receptacle. 5. Nelumbo. 1. CABOMBA Aubl. 1. Cabomba Caroliniana a. Gray. M. p. 406. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. CoTn den— Timber Creek (Br.). New CastZe— Established in Fish Ponds. 2. BEASENIA Schreb. 1. Brasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp. Water-shield. M. p. 406. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. 3. NYMPHAEA L. Spatter-dock. Leaves 1-3 dm. long; stigma 12-24-rayed; petals truncate, fleshy. 1. N. advena. Leaves 0.5-2.5 dm. long; stigma 7-10-rayed; petals spatulate, thin. 2. N. variegata. 1. Nymphaea advena Soland. ^patier Dock. M. p. 407. Still or stagnant water. Summer. MAGNOLIACEAE. 145 2. Nymphaea variegata Engelm. M. p. 407. (N. Kalmiana.) ytill or stagnant water. Summer. ^Mcfcs— Warwick Twp. (B. C), Tohiekon (Fr.). Lartcaster— Tucquan (Ca.), York Furnace (He.), Collins' Ferry (P.). Le/ii^r/t— Lehigli Gap (Kr.). Burlington— B&rxaah Creek, Atsion (C). CaMiden— Clementon (Wu.). Atlantic— HL&j's Landing (Li.). Mercer— Trenton (Wn.). 4. CASTALIA Salisb. Water-Lily. 1. Castalia odobata (Dryand) Woodv. & Wood. Water-Lily. M, p. 407. Ponds and slow streams. Summer, la. Castalia oborata rosea (Pursh.) Britton. M. p. 407. Ponds. Sum- mer. 6'aZem— Woodstown (C). Oceon— Manchester (C). 5. NELUMBO Adans. Sacred Bean. i'lowers pale yellow. 1. N. luteu. Flowers pink or white. 2. N. Nelumho. 1. Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. American Lotus. M. p. 408. Ponds and ditches. Summer. Philadelphia — Schuylkill (Ca.). Delaware — Marcus Hook (B. Sm.). Salem — Woodstown, Sharptown. New Castle — Established in Fish Ponds. 2. Nelumbo Nelumbo (L.) Karst. Indian Lotus. M. p. 408. Ponds. Summer. jB«rZw^■' i 19. FICARIA Huds. 1. FiCARiA FiCARiA (L.) Karst. Lesser Celandine. M. p. 430. Escaped from gardens. Spring. Fhiladelphia—Wissahiekon (Je.) (Me.) (St.), West Park in Nurseries (VP.). i>eto ware— Lansdowne (Mac). 20. OXYGRAPHIS Bunge. 1. OxYGBAPHis Cymbalaria (Pursh.) Prantl. Seaside Crowfoot. M. p, 430. Sandy shores. Summer. ^«o«e^aware— Near Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Camden— Kaighn 's Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Ja.). 3. Papaver dubium L. M. p. 438. Waste and cultivated grounds. Sum- mer. Montgomery — Krcoia (Cr.). Petoware — Darlington Station (Fu,), Newtown Square (Ja.), Burmont (Mac), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Glen Mills (S. Tr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— Pleasant Grove (Ca.), Paradise (St.), Bird-in-Hand (Wn.). Northamp- ton— (P.). Bu7-lin gton — Moorestown (Sts.). Camde« - Kaighn 's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). Oceari— Forked River (Ja.). Neir Castle — Point Lookout, etc. Scarce. 4. Papaver Argemone L. M. p. 438. Waste grounds and on ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — ( P. ) . 156 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. AKGEMONE L. 1. Argemone Mexicana L. Mexican or Prickly Poppy. M. p. 439. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks — Bedminster, Hilltown (Fr.). Delaware— IS ear Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord, about gardens (W. Tr.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh— Co-plaj (Kt.). Northampton— {P.). Burlington — Eiverton (C). Camden — Kaighn's Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Ja.). Mercer- Trenton (C). New Castle — Wilmington, streets, Commons. 3. SANGUINAEIA L. 1. Sanguinaria Canadensis L. Blood-root. M. p. 439. Rich woods. Spring. 4. GLAUCIUM Juss. 1. Glaucium Glaucium (L.) Karst. Horn-poppy. M, p. 440. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Gibson's Point (Mac). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (He.) (Ja.) (Wn.). 3fercer— Princeton (C). New Castle — Greenbank, Commons. Glaucium corniculatum Curtis. Northampton— On African Ore pile, Bethlehem Iron Co., E. A. Rau (Kr.) 5. CHELIDONIUM L. 1. Chelidonium majus L. Celandine. M. p. 440. Waste places. Sum- mer. 6. BICUCULLA Adans. Spurs divergent; inner petals minutely crested. 1. B. CucuUaria. Spurs short, rounded; inner petals conspicuously crested. 2. B. Canadensis. 1, BicucuLLA CucuLLARiA (L.) MiUsp. Dutchman' s-hreechcs. M. p. 440. Rich woods. Spring. 2. BicucuLLA Canadensis (Goldie) Millsp. Squirrel-corn. M. p. 441. Rich woods. Spring. P/ii/adei2)/iia— Wissahickon (Me.), Falls of Schuylkill (Pr.). Bucks— Bedminster (Fr.). Moni^omeri/ — Pencoyd (Re.), Flat Rock Tunnel (Te.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— Fishing Creek (Ca.). Dauphin — Harrisburg (Wn.). 7. ADLUMIA Raf. 1. Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene. Climbing Fumitory. M. p. 441. Moist woods. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahiekon (W. Tr.). ^«c^s— Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.), Narrows (Ws.). Montgomery — Schwenksville (Cr.) (U. C. S.), West Conshohocken (Mac), Sumneytown (VP.), Uhl's Mill (Wn.). Chester— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C), French Creek (S. Tr.). Lancaster— Pequea Creek (Ca.), York Furnace, mouth of Tucquan Creek (St.). Lehigh— Ijehigh Mountain (Kr.). Somerset— Peapack (C). CBVCIFEBAE. IgJ New Casfie— Brandywine Creek near Wilmington (Pr.), Bockford, Du- ponts. Rare. 8. CAPNOIDES Adans. Cobydalis. Stems tall; flowers pink with yellow tips. 1. C. sempervirens. Stems low, diffuse or ascending; flowers yellow. 2. C. flavvium. 1. Oapnoides sempervirens (L.) Borck. M. p. 441. Rocky places. Spring and summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.), Argua (Wn.). Montgomery — Spring Mount near Schwenksville (U. C. S.), Sumneytown (VP.). Chester— S>t. Peter's (Ke.), Falls of l"^ench Creek (Sa.). Lancaster— Feach Bottom (Ca.), banks of Susquehanna (W. Tr.). Lefei^ /i—Trexlertown (Her.), Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Dauphin— {P.). Mercer — Princeton (Te.). J?«nterdo/i— Milford (Ws.). 2. Capnoides flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze. M. p. 442. Rocky woods. Early- summer. Philadelphia — 'Wissahickon, I. Burk (He.), Robinson's Knoll (Ke.) (Te.), Fairmount Park (Mar.), Manayunk (Pr.). Bucfcs— Carversville, rare (Ca.), Yardley, A. B. Kaufman (Fr.). Chester— {P.). Lancaster —Along the Susquehanna (Le.). Dawp ftm—Steelton (Wn.). Camden— Banks of Delaware (C). Cape Mai/— Delaware Bay (C). Mercer — Trenton, Princeton (C). Hunterdon — PLoWand., Raven Bock (C), Milford (B. Sm.). New Cosfie- Namaan's Creek near Harvey. 9. FUMARIA L. 1. FuMARiA OFFICINALIS L. Fumitory. M. p. 442. Waste places and bal last. Summer. Family 2. CRUCIFERAE. Mustard Family. •Pod a silique or silicle, dehiscent into two valves to the base. fPod an elongated-linear silique, or at least twice as long as wide. 1. Silique terete, 4-sided, or compressed, very short-stipitate, or sessile on the receptacle. a. Silique tipped with the short, slender style, or style none. Seeds globose or oblong, wingless. Seeds in 2 rows in each cell of the pod. Pubescence, when present, of simple hairs. 12. Eoripa. Pubescence of forked hairs; leaves finely dissected. 22. Sophia. Seeds in only 1 row in each cell. Leaves renif orm or cordate, undulate or repand ; flowers white. 4. Alliaria. Leaves dentate or pinnatifid ; hairs simple ; flowers yel- low. 5. Sisymbriuvi. Leaves finely dissected; pubescence of forked hairs; flow- ers yellow. 22. Sophia. Leaves entire, or slightly toothed. Flowers white or pink. 23. Stenophragma. Flowers yellow. 25. Erysimum. Flowers large, purple, purplish, or white. 28. Hesperis. FLORA OP PHILADELPHIA. Seeds flat, wingless, or winged. Siliques 4-angled, the valves keeled; flowers yellow. 11. Barbarea. Siliques flat or flattish. Valves of the silique nerveless. Stems leafy below or throughout. 13. Cardamine. Stems leafless below, 2-4 leaved above. 14. Dentaria. Valves of the silique l-nerved or veiny, not elastically de- hiscent. 24. Arabis. b. Silique produced into a beak beyond the valves. Beak conic, very short in No. 8. Silique terete ; seeds in 1 row. 8. Brassica. Silique flat; seeds in 2 rows. 9. Diplotaxis. Beak flat, sword-shaped. 7. Siriapis. U. Silique elliptic or oblong, very flat, 2-3 times as long as broad, cleai'ly stipitate. 15. Lunaria. ffPod an orbicular globose or oblong silicle, or but little more than twice as long as wide. a. Silicle globose, or flattened parallel with the septum. Silicle globose, or terete-oblong, little or not at all compressed. Seeds minute, round, not flattened, in 2 rows in each celL 12. Boripa. Seeds flat; silicle inflated; plants stellate-pubescent. 16. Lesquerella. Silicle compressed or flat, many-seeded. 21. Draba, Silicle compressed or flat, many-seeded. Flowers yellow. 26. Alyssum. Flowers white. 27. Koniga. Silicle pear-shaped or obovoid, many-seeded. 18. Camelina, b. Silicle flattened at right angles to the narrow septum. Seeds several in each cell of the silicle. Silicle triangular, obcuneate. 17. Bursa. Silicle oblong or orbicular, winged all around. 3. Thlaspi. Seeds solitary in each cell, compressed. 1. Lepidium. **Pod indehiscent, short or elongated. Pod broader than long, more or less didymous. 2. Corovopiis. Pod globose, reticulated. 19. Neslia. Pod elongated. Pod of 2 joints, separating at maturity. Lower joint of pod seedless or 2-4-seeded; cotyledons condupli- cate. 20. Rapistrum. Lower joint of pod 1-seeded; cotvledons accumbent. 6. CaJcile. Pod constricted between the seeds, not jointed, beaked. 10. Raphanus. 1. LEPIDIUM L. Peppergrass. Stem-leaves clasping by an auriculate base. Pods broadly ovate, winged. 1. L. campestre. Pods wingless, broader than long. 2. L. Draba. Stem-leaves petioled or sessile, not clasping. Pods and seeds entirely wingless ; petals none. 3. L. ruderale. Pods slightly winged above, orbicular or oval, about 2 mm. broad; petals present or none. Cotyledons accumbent ; petals generally present. 4. L. Virginicum, Cotyledons incumbent; petals minute or wanting. 5. 2/. apetalum. CRVCIFEEAE. 159 1. Lepidium campestke (L.) K. Br. Cow-cie!i.s. M. p. 445. Fields anci waste places. Summer. 2. Lepidium Draba L. M. p. 445. Ballast. Spring. Camden— Kaighn'B Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 3. Lepidium ruderale L. M. p. 445. Roadsides, waste places, and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Navy Yard, Mart. (B. C), West Philadelphia (Mac), Girard Point (Te.). Northampton — 'Easton, Farter (B. C). Burlington— Moorestown (Sts.). Camde?i—Kaighn's Point. Mercer- Trenton (C). New Castle — Streets, Port Penn, Delaware City, wharves, Tatnall; Swedes' Church, Wilmington, Commons. 4. Lepidium Virginicum. M. p. 446. Fields and roadsides. Summer. 5. Lepidium apetalum Willd. M. p. 446. Dry places. Summer. Philadelphia — Philadelphia, Mart. (B. C), Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks— Point Pleasant (Fr.). Cam de?i— Camden, ballast. Mart. (B. C). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.), near Swedesboro (Li.). Lepidium graminifolium L. Ballast. Camden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.). Lepidium Smithii Hook. Ballast. Philadelphia— Girard Point (Te.). 2. CORONOPUS Gaertn. Wart Cress, Swine Cress. Pod rugose, not crested. 1. C. didymus. Pod coarsely wrinkled, crested. 2. C. Coronopus. 1. Coronopus didymus (L.) J. E. Smith. M. p. 446. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Bjherry, Mart. (B. C), Greenwich Point, Girard Point (Te.). Camden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 2. Coronopus Coronopus (L.) Karst. M. p. 446. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Green-wich Point, Girard Point (Te.). Chester — (P.). Comden— Kaighn 's Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Wn.). 3. THLASPI L. 1. Thlaspi arvense L. Pennycress. M. p. 447. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — Fairmount Park, Mart. (B. C), Columbia Bridge, E. Difenbaugh (B. C). Bucks— Roek Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— Jenkin- town (Pr.). Lancaster— Paradise (St.). Conrden— Kaighn's Point (Ja.). if ercer— Trenton (C). 4. ALLIARIA Adans. 1. Alliakia Alliakia (L.) Britton. Hedge Garlic, Garlic Mustard. M. p, 447. Waste places, woods, and along roadsides. Spring. Philadelphia— "East of School Lane, Germantown (VP.). Montgomery —Above Flat Roek Tunnel (VP.). 160 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5. SISYMBRIUM L. Hedge Mustakd. Flowers yellow; pods 1-1.5 cm. long, appressed. 1. S. officinale. Flowers cream-color; pods 5-10 cm. long, divergent. 2. 8. altissimum. 1. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. M. p. 448. Waste places. Summer. 2. Sisymbrium altissimum L. M. p. 448. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Girard Point (Ja.), Neck (VP.). 5«cfcs— Sellers ville (Fr.). Northampton— Bethlehem (P.). Delaware— 'Ridley (B. Sm,). 6. CAKILE Gaertu. 1. Cakile edentula (Bigel) Hook. American Sea-rocket. M. p. 448. Sea- coast; also ballast. Summer. New Jersey — Seacoast, common. Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Wn.). 7. SINAPIS L. 1. SiNAPis ALBA L. White Mustard. M. p. 449. Fields and waste places. Summer. 8. BRASSICA L. None of the leaves clasping the stem, the upper sessile. Pods slender, 1-2.5 cm. long, appressed. 1. B. nigra. Pods rather slender, 2-5 cm. long, erect, not appressed, on slender pedi- cels 6-10 mm. long. 2. B. juncea. Pods spreading or ascending at maturity, on stout pedicels 4-6 mm. long. 3. B. arvensis. Upper leaves clasping by an aurieled base. 4. B. campestris. 1. Brassica NIGRA (L.) Koch. Black Mustard. M. p. 449. Fields and waste places. Summer. 2. Brassica juncea (L.) Cosson. Indian Mustard. M. p. 449. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Wiasahickon (VP.). Northampton— (P.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). 3. Brassica arvensis (L.) B. S. P. Charlock. M. p. 450. Fields and waste places. Summer. 4. Brassica campestris L. Butabaga, Turnip. M. p. 450. Fields and waste places. Summer. C'am^Zen— Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). Brassica Napus L. Rape. M. p. 450. Ballast. Summer . 9. DIPLOTAXIS DC. Rocket. Perennial ; stem leafy nearly to the inflorescence. 1. D. tenuifolia. Annual; leaves mostly basal, oblanceolate. 2. D. muralis. 1. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. M. p. 450. Ballast. Summer. Camde?!— Kaighn 's Point (He.) (Ja,). 2. Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. M. p. 450. Ballast. Summer. Ca7»7 den— Kaighn 's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 10. RAPHANUS L. Flowers yellow, fading white ; pod longitudinally grooved, 4-10-seeded. 1. R. Raphanistrum. Flowers pink or white ; pod not longitudinally grooved, 2-3-seeded. 2. R. sativus. CRUCIFEBAE. Id 1. Eaphanus Raphanistrum L. Wild Radish. M. p. 450. Fields &nA waste places. Summer. 2. Raphanus sativus T-. Garden Radish. M. p. 450. Escaped from culti- vation. Summer. 11. BARBAREA R. Br, Winter Cress. Pods obtusely 4-angled, slender-pedicelled ; leaf -segments 1-4 pairs. Pods divergent or ascending. 1. B. Barbarea. Pods erect, appressed. 2. B. stricta. Pods sharply 4-angled, stout pedicelled ; leaf -segments 4-8 pairs. 3. B. praecox. 1. Barbarea Barbarea (L.) MacM. Yellow Rocket. M. p. 451. Low grounds and roadsides. Spring. 2. Barbarea stricta Andrz. M. p. 451. Fields and waste places. Spring. 3. Barbarea praecox (J. E. Smith) R. Br. M. p. 451. Waste places. Spring. Philadelphia— Up^er Wissahickon (Je.), Germantown (Me.). Bucks— Sellersville, Doylestown, Penn Valley (Fr.). Montgomery— Shajinonville (Cr.). Delaware— Concord (W. Tr.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C). Ca7)iden— Kaighn 's Point (Wn.). 6'aiem— Woodstown (Wa.). Hun- terdon — Rosemont (C). Neiv CostZe— Greenbank, Commons. Now common. 12. RORIPA Scop. Cress, Flowers yellow. Plants perennial by creeping or subterranean branches, 1, B. sylvestrig. Plants annual or perennial, with fibrous roots. Fruiting pedicels 2-4 mm. long, stem diffuse. 2. jB. obttisa. Fruiting pedicels 4-8 mm. long; stem erect. Stem nearly or quite glabrous; pods linear or linear-oblong. 3. R. palustris. Stem hispid-pubescent; pods globose or oval. 4. R. hispida. Flowers white. Leaves pinnately divided; pods linear. 5. R. Nasturtium. Leaves simple or the lower pinnatifid; pods oblong or globose. Terrestrial, tall; leaves crenate, or the lower lobed or pinnatifid. 6, R. Armoracia. Aquatic; immersed leaves finely dissected. 7. R. Americana. 1. Eoripa sylvestris (L.) Bess. M. p. 452. Wet meadows. Summer. 2. RoRlPA OBTUSA (Nutt.) Britton. M. p. 452. Ballast. Spring and sum- mer, Camden— Camden (He,). 3. RoRiPA PALUSTRIS (L.) Bess. Marsh Cress. M. p. 452. Wet places and in shallow water. Summer. 4. RoRiPA HISPIDA (Desv.) Britton. M, p, 453, Wet places. Summer^ Philadelphia— (P.). .Bwcfcs— Delaware River! (Fr,), Law easier— (P.). Northampton— Tizston, Porter (B. C). Dauphin— (P.). I&2 FLORA OF PHILADELFHIA. ■ iSaiem—Penn Grove (C). Mercer— Trenton, Princeton (C). Hunter- don — Eosemont (C.)- New Castle— Cherry Island. Frequent, 5. EORIPA Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. Water Cress. M. p. 453. Brooks and ditches. Summer. 6. RORIPA Armoracea (L.) a. S. Hitchcock. Horse-radish. M. p. 453. Escaped from cultivation into moist ground. Summer. 7. EOEIPA Americana (A. Gray) Britton. M. p. 453. Slow streams. Summer. Philadelphia — (P.) . 13. CARDAMINE L. Bitter Cress. liCaves pinnately divided, or some of them of but a single terminal segment. Flowers 1-2 cm. broad, white or purplish. 1. C. pratense. Flowers 2-8 mm. broad, white. Mature pods erect, 0.5-1 mm. wide. Flowers 4-5 mm. wide; plants of swamps, streams, or wet grounds. Segments of basal leaves 4-25 mm. wide; plant 2-9 dm. taU. 2. C. Pennsylvanica, Segments of basal leaves 1-3 mm. wide; plant 1-3 dm. tall. 3. C. arenicola. Flowers 2-3 mm. wide; plant of dry, rocky situations. 4. C. parvifiora. Mature pods divergent or ascending, more than 1 mm. wide. 5. C. fiexuosa. Leaves entire, toothed, or rarely with 1 or 2 lateral segments. Stem erect from a tuberous base. 6. C. bulbosa. Stem decumbent, stoloniferous; roots fibrous. 7. C. rotundifolia. 1. Cardamine pratensis L. Cuckoo-flower, M. p. 454. Wet places. Spring. Philadelphia— 'Wissahiekon (Ja.), Germantown (Me.). 2. Cardamine Pennsylvanica Muhl. M. p. 454. Wet places. Spring. 3. Cardamine arenicola Britton. M. p. 454. Moist or wet sandy soiL Spring. Loncoster— Safe Harbor (P.). 4. Cardamine parviflora L. M. p. 454. Rocks. Spring. 5. Cardamine flexuosa With. M. p. 454. In wet woods and swamps. Spring. Bmc^s— Three-Mile Run, Tullytowu (Fr.). Northampton— {P.). 6. Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) B. S. P. Spring Cress. M. p. 455. Wet meadows aad springs. Spring. 7. Cardamine rotundifolia Michx. M. p. 455. Cool, shaded springs. Spring. J?«c/:s— Quakertown (Cr.), Springfield, rare (Fr.). Delaivare—Yallej of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Cftesfer— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C), Upland, London Grove (Le.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.) (Ja.) (Li.). Dauphin— Uockville (Wn.). New Castle— N. Park, N. Long Race, Tatnall; Mount CHiba, Commo7is, Bare. CBUCIFEKAE. M3 14. DENTARIA L. Tooth wort, Pepper-root. Basal leaves and stem-leaves similar. Leaf-divisions lanceolate or oblong, lobed or cleft. 1. D. luciitiata. Leaf-divisions ovate or ovate-oblong, crenate or lobed. 2. D. diphylla. Divisions of the stem leaves linear or lanceolate; those of the basal leaves ovate, much broader. 3. D. hcterophylla. 1. Dentakia laciniata Muhl. M. p. 455. Damp woodlands. Spring. 2. Dentaria diphylla Michx. M. p. 456. Rich woods. Spring. Bucks— Nockamixon (Fr.). 3. Dentaria heterophylla Nutt. M. p. 456. Damp woods. Spring. Philadelphia— Belmont Valley (Gi.). Bucks— Near Quakertown, rare (Fr.). Montgomery — Rose Glen (Br.), Shannonville (Cr.), Areola (Mar.). Chester— {F.). Hunterdon— Stockton (C). New Castle — Rattlesnake Run, Tatnall and Fell; Duponts, Tatnall; Faulkland, Commons. 15. LUNARIA L. 1. LuNARiA ANNUA L. Honesty. M. p. 456. Escaped from gardens. Early summer. Bucfes— Nockamixon (P.). Detowore— Concord (W. Tr.). 16. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. Bladder Pod. 1. Lesquerella perfoliatum (L.) Watson. Ballast. Summer. Camden— W. J. & S. R. Yard, Camden (Li.). 17. BURSA Weber. 1. Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton. Shepherd's Purse. M.. p, 459. Fields and waste places. All year. 18. CAMELINA Crantz. False Flax. Glabrous or nearly so; pod 6-8 mm. long. 1. C. satiAia. Pubescent, at least below; pod 4-6 mm. long. 2. C, microcarpa. 1. Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. M. p. 459. Waste places. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C), Germantown (Me.), above Mana- yunk (Pr.), Wayne Junction (Wn.). Bucks— Benjamin (Fr.). Mont- gomery — StiannonviWe (Cr.). Delaware — Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— {'P.). Lancaster— (P.). Le/ti^f/'— Lehigh Moun- tain (Kr.). Z^ottpftwi— Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Moorestown (Sts.). Camden — Kaighn's Point (He.), Clementon (Sa.). Gloucester— MuWiQa Hill (He.), Westville (Ke.), Tim- ber Creek (Te.). New Castle — Common. 2. Camelina microcarpa Andrz. M. p. 459. Waste places. Summer. Bwcts—Penn Valley (Fr.). Delaware— (P.). Northampton— (P.). 19. NESLIA Desv. Ball Mustard. 1. Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. M. p. 459. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— BaWast (P.). 164 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 20. EAPISTRUM Desv. 1. Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. M. p. 460. Ballast and waste plaoea. Summer. Philadelphia— BaUsiSt (He,). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C), Camden— Kaighn 'a Point (He.). 21. DRABA L. Whitlow-grass. Petals deeply 2-cleft. 1. D. veriM. Petals entire, or rarely toothed. 2, D. CaroUiwina, 1. Draba verna L. M. p. 460. Sandy places. Early spring. 2. Draba Caroliniana Walt. M. p. 460. Sandy fields. Spring. ^ucfcs— Point Pleasant (Fr.). La?ic'ase/aw'are— Castle Rock, Concord (Fu.), Philadelphia Yacht Club (Ke.), Chester (W. Tr.). Chester — 'Near West Chester (He.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— Wind Gap, Pen Argyl (He.). Ca/?ide«— Camden (C). Gloucester— M.iakle'ton (C). Monmouth— Freehold (C). Mercer— Trenton (C). iSomerset— Peapack (C). 7. Geum rivale L. M. p. 508. Bogs and wet meadows. Summer. Chester— (F.). 13. AGRIMONIA L. Agrimony. Racemes and leaves beneath with loose, spreading hairs or glabrous. Roots not tuberous ; fruit large, turbinate, with numerous radiating bristles. . 1. A. hirsuta. Roots tuberous ; fruit very small, hemispheric, with few ascending or erect bristles. 2. A. striata. Racemes and leaves beneath closely and softly pubescei^t. Roots tuberous; stems pubescent; leaves not glandular-dotted beneath. 3. A. mollis. Roots not tuberous; stems hirsute; leaves glandular-dotted beneath. Leaflets mostly 7-9 ; fruit large, the bristles connivent. 4. A. Brittoniana. Leaflets mostly 11-17 ; fruit small, the bristles radiate. 5. A. parviflora. 1. Agrimonia hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell. M. p. 511. Woods and thickets. Summer. 2. Agrimonia striata Michx. M. p. 511. Dry woods. Summer. Buds — (P.). Lancaster ^York Furnace (St.). Nortliampton — Eas- ton, Porter (B. C). 3. Agrimonia mollis (T. & G.) Britton. M. p. 511. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Bmc As— Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— l\y Bock (St.). Delaware— Crum Creek (St.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.). 4. Agrimonia Brittoniana Bicknell. M. p. 511. Thickets and roadsides. Summer. Northampton — (P.) . 5. Agrimonia parviflora Soland. M. p. 512. Moist or dry soil. Summer. 178 FLOBA OF PHILADELPHIA. 14. SANGUISORBA L. Burnet. Flowers capitate, greenish; stamens numerous; leaflets 12-20 mm. long. 1. S. Sanguisorba. Flowers spicate, white ; stamens 4 ; leaflets 25-75 mm. long. 2. S. Canadensis. 1. Sanguisorba Sanguisorba (L.) Britton. M. p. 512. Fields, rocks and ballast. Summer. PMtod;e?2^7wo— Philadelphia, Mari. (B. C), Girard Point (Te.). Buclcs — Rock Hill (Fr.). Le^i^'Ti— Salisbury (Kr.). Northampton— 'Easion, Porter (B. C). Burlington — Moorestown (C). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.). 2. Sanguisorba Canadensis L. M. p. 512. Bogs and wet meadows. Summer. j5mcA's— Pipersville, Bristol (Fr.), TuUytown (Ja.) (Sa.). Delaware— Williamson (Fu.) (Mac.) (Wn.), Haverford College (Le.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), near Newtown Square (VP.). Chester— Oxford (Cr.), near Coatesville (St.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lancaster — {F.). Northampton— (P.) . Burlington— BuTlmgton (C), near Moorestown (Sts.). Caww?e?i~ Cam- den (C). Gloucester — 'Near MuUica Hill (C), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem— Auburn (Wa.). Monmouth— Freehold (C). Mercer— Trenton (Wn.), Higbtstown, Princeton (C). Middlesex— ^and. Hill, South Amboy (C). New Costie— Thompson's, Moore's, etc. Not rare. 15. ROSA L, Rose, Sepals persistent, erect on the fruit. 1. B. blanda. Sepals deciduous, spreading. Leaflets finely serrate ; spines stout, recurved. 2. B. Carolina. Leaflets coarsely serrate. Infrastipular spines nearly straight; native bushy species. Stems with scattered prickles or naked. Leaflets 7-9, shining above; flowers corymbose; spines stout. 3. B. lucida. Leaflets 5-7 ; flowers solitary or few ; spines slender. 4. B. humilis. Infrastipular spines stout, hooked ; introduced wand-like or climb- ing species. Leaflets somewhat pubescent beneath, serrate. 5. B. canina. Leaflets very glandular beneath, doubly serrate. 6. B. rubiginosa. 1. Rosa blanda Ait. M. p. 513. Moist, rocky places. Summer. Bucks — Hilltown (Fr.). Delaware — Middletown, Chrome Run (B. Sm.). Lancaster— (F.). 2. Rosa Carolina L. Swamp Bose. M. p. 513. Borders of swamps and streams. Summer. 3. Rosa lucida Ehrh. M. p. 514. Margins of swamps or moist places. Early summer. 4. BoSA humilis Marsh. Pasture Bose. M. p. 514. Dry or rocky soil. Early summer. FOilACEAE. 179 4a. EosA HUMiLis viLLOSA Best. M. p. 514. ^MC^S— Point Pleasant, Dr. Geo. Best (Fr.). 5. EosA CANiNA L. Dog Rose. M. p. 514. Eoadsides and waste places. Summer. 6. EoSA RUBIGINOSA L. Sweetbrier, Eglantine. M. p. 514. Eoadsides and waste places. Early summer. EoSA SETiGERA Michx. Prairie Rose. M. p. 513. Escaped from cultivation. Early summer. EosA ciNNAMOMEA L. Cin7iamo7i Rose. M. p. 514. Occasionally along roadsides. Summer. Family 12. POMACE AE L. Apple Family. Bipe carpels papery or leathery. Cavities of the ovary (carpels) as many as the styles. Flesh of the pome with grit-cells. 1. Pyrus. Flesh of the pome without grit-cells. Cymes simple ; trees. 2. Maltts. Cymes compound; shrubs. 3. Aronia. Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles*. 4. AmelancMer. Ripe carpels bony. 5. Crataegus. 1. PYEUS L. 1. Pyrus communis L. Pear. M. p. 515. Thickets and woods, escaped from cultivation. Spring. 2. MALUS Hill. Apple. Leaves glabrous when mature. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or oval, narrowed ait the base. 1. M. angustifolia. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at the base. 2. M. coronaria. Leaves persistently pubescent or tomentose beneath. 3. M. Mahis. 1. Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. M. p. 516. In thickets. Spring. Cape May— Cold Spring, C. F. Manderson (Br.). 2. Malus CORONARIA (L.) Mill. Crab Apple. M. p. 516. Thickets. Spring. PMadeip/iio— Wissahickon (Je.), West Philadelphia (Mac). Bucks— Perkasie, Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Castle Eock (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Painters' Arboretum (Ke.). Chester — {P.). Lancaster — (P.). Daiip/iiri— Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). Mercer— Trenton (C). /Somerset —Peapack (C). i?w;/hia Salt Works, 7. Burk (He.). Chester — Streets of West Chester (P.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (Ja.) (Wn.). Oceou — Waretown (Sts.). Hunterdon— JjamhertviWe (C). jSomerset— Somerville (C). PAPILIONACEAE. 199 16. AESCHYNOMENE L. 1. AESCHYNOMENE ViRGiNiCA (L.) B. S. P. Sensitive Joint Vetch. M.. p. 558. Along rivers. Summer. Delaware— Tinicnm, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Camden — Kaighn 's Point (C). Gloucester — Center Square (Cr.), Bridgeport (Fu.), Oldman Creek near the Delaware, near Mickleton (He.), near Swedesboro (Li.). Salem — Banks of Delaware (C). New Castle — Brandywine Creek near Shelpot ; river shore at and below Delaware City (Ta.), near Claymont (S. Tr.). 17. STYLOSANTHES Sw. 1. Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B. S. P. Pe7icil-ftower. M. p. 558. Dry soil. Summer. 18. MEIBOMIA Heist. Tick-trefoil. Loment not constricted above, deeply constricted below, long-stalked ; leaf- lets broad. Panicle arising from the base of the plant ; peduncle usually leafless. 1. M. 7mdi flora. Panicle terminal; leaves crowded at the base. 2. M. grandiflora. Loment constricted on both margins, more deeply below than above. Stems trailing or reclining. Leaflets orbicular or nearly so. .3. M. Michauxii. Leaflets ovate or oval. 4. M. glabella. Stems erect or ascending. Leaves sessile or nearly sO; leaflets linear or lanceolate. 5. M. sessilifolia. Leaves petioled. Leaflets narrowly linear; joints of the loment usually concave on the back. 6. M. stricta. Leaflets broml. Joints of the loment notably longer than broad. Leaflets obtuse, rough-pubescent, yellowish-green. 7. .1/. cnnescens. Leaflets long-acuminate, glabrous, glaucous beneath. 8. M. bra.cteosa. Joints of the loment little longer than broad. Loment distinctly long-stalked in the calyx. Plants glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets lanceolate or oblong. 9. M. paniculata. Leaflets broadly ovate or oval, glaucous be- neath. 10. M. laevigata. Plants pubescent or scabrous. Leaflets thick, coriaceous, velvety-pubescent beneath. 11. M. viridiflora. Leaflets scarcely coriaceous, appressed-pubes- eent or villous beneath. 12. M. Dillenii. Loment sessile in the calyx or nearly so. Loment -joints 4-7; flowers numerous, showy. 13. M. Canadensis. Leaflets scabrous, 2-5 cm. long. 14. M. rigida. Leaflets not scabrous, 1-2 cm. long. Plant nearly glabrous throughout. 15. M. Morylandica. Stem pubescent ; leaflets and petioles ciliate. 16. M. obtusa. 200 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. Meibomia nudiflora (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry woods. Summer. 2. Meibomia grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry or rocky woods. Summer. 3. Meibomia Michauxii Vail. M. p. 560. Dry woods. Summer. 4. Meibomia glabella (Michx.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. Philadelphia — Cresheim Creek near Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks — Dur- ham, Ruth (Ft.). Chester— W. Bradford (St.). Hunterdon— Beagle Corner (C). New Castle— Deakyaes, Commons; Yorklyn, Canby. 5. Meibomia sessilifolia (Torr.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry soil. Summer. La?icasda«;are— Concord (W. Tr.). Berks— {P.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C). Mercer— Crosswick's Creek (C). Hunterdon — B,idge Island (C). New Castle — Becoming frequent about nurseries, 18th street. Family 6. SIMARUBACEAE DC. Ailanthus Family. 1. AILANTHUS Desf. 1, Ailanthus glandulosus Desf. Tree of Heaven. M. p. 582. Cultivated and escaped. Early summer. Family 7. POLYGALACEAE Reichenb. Milkwort Family. 1. POLYGALA L. Milkwort. Flowers in solitary spikes or spike-like racemes, terminating the stem and branches. Basal leaves spatulate or obovate; flowers orange-yellow. 1. P. lutea. Basal leaves inconspicuous or wanting ; flowers not yellow. Leaves, at least the lower, verticillate ; spikes 8-18 mm. thick, blunt ; flowers purple to greenish-white. Spikes sessile or nearly so; wings deltoid. 2. P. cruciata. Spikes peduncled; wings lanceolate-ovate. 3. P. brevifolin. Leaves verticillate and alternate; spikes 4-6 mm. thick, acute. Verticillate leaves predominating; spikes dense; flowers green to purplish. 4. P. verticillata. Alternate leaves predominating; spikes loose, long; flowers more purple. 5. P. ambigua. Leaves all alternate. Petals united into a cleft-tube 6-8 mm. long; flowers pink. 6. P. incarnata. Petals not conspicuously united into a tube. Spikes ovoid to globose. Bracts persistent; flowers rose-purple to white. 7. P. viridescens. 210 FLOEA OF PHILADELPHIA. Bracts deciduous ; flowers rose-purple. 8. P. Mariana. Spikes cylindric. Leaves oblaneeolate to linear, 4-12 mm. long; flowers greenish to purplish. 9. P. Nuttallii. Leaves lanceolate, 2. .5-5 cm. long; flowers white or greenish. 10. P. Senega, Flowers distinctly racemose, rose or purple. 11. P. polygama. Flowers 1-4, large, axillary, but apparently terminal, rose-purple to white. 12. P. paucifolia. 1. PoLYGALA LUTEA L. M. p. 583. Pine-barren swamps. Summer. BucJcs— Bristol (Fr.). New Jersey — Common in the pine-barrens. 2. PoLYGALA CRUCiATA L. M. p. 583. Sandy swamps. Summer. Philadelphia— Germantown (Me.). 5Mcfcs— Near Bristol (Fr.). Mont- gomery — 'Willow Grove (VP.) (Re.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C). Lancaster— ISiew Texas (Ca.), Lyle (Pr.). New Jersey — Common in the pine-barrens. 3. POLYGALA BREViFOLiA Nutt. M. p. 583. Sandy swamps. Summer. Burlington — Atsion, Mart. (B. C), Woodmansie (He.), Bear Swamp, Speedwell (St.), Pemberton (Te.). Ca/nde/i— Lucaston (VP.). Atlantic — Absecon, Mart. (B. C), Pleasant Mills, E. A. Bau (B. C), Hammonton, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean — Toms River (Fu.), Forked River (Ja.), Whiting (Wn.). 4. POLYGALA VERTiciLLATA L. M. p. 583. Dry or moist soil. Summer. 5. PoLYGALA AMBIGUA Nutt. M. p. 584. Dry soil. Summer. Pennsylvania — Common. New Jersey — Common. New Castle — Hands, etc. Scarce. 6. POLYGALA INCARNATA L. M. p. 584. Dry soil. Summer. Chester— (P.). Lancosfer— Pleasant Grove (Ca.), New Texas (Pr.). Camden— Haddonfield (C). Gloucester— Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland— Bridgeton (C). New Castle— Near Newark, Kilvingtoii ; Townsend, Canby; Milltown, Commons; Iron Hill. Rare. 7. PoLYGALA viRiDESCENS L. M. p. 584. Sandy or moist ground. Summer. 8. PoLYGALA Mariana Mill. M. p. 584. Dry soil. Summer. Cawde/i— Longacoming (C). Glo%icester— North, of Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic— Bammonton (Cr.). Cape Mai/— Woodbine (Br.), Cape May Court House (St.). New Castle — Townsend, Canby. 9. POLYGALA Nuttallii T. & G. M. p. 584. Dry, sandy soil. Autumn. Pennsylvania — Common. New Jersey — Common. New Castie— Townsend, Canby; Dupont 's Woods on the W. & G. V. Turnpike. Rare. 10. PoLYGALA Senega L. Seneca Snakeroot. M. p. 584. Rocky soil. Spring. EUPHOBBIACEAE. 211 Philadelpida — Byheiry, Mart. (B. (J.), Allen's Lane near Township Line (Je.)- ^wcis— Springfield (Fr.). Delaware — On Serpentine, New- town, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.), Chad's Ford (Te.). C/ies^er— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C), Westtown (VP.). Lancaster— {T.). New Castle— Wilmington (He.), MeCuUough's, Tatnall; Adams, Canhy; Centerville, Cominons. lOo. POLYGALA Senega latifolia T. & G. M. p. 584. Rocky soil. Spring. New Castle — Mount Cuba, Dixon 's. Commons. 11. POLYGALA POLYGAMA Walt. M. p. 585. Dry, sandy soil. Early sum- mer. Philadelphia — (P.) . New Jersey — Common in the pine-barrens, especially near the coast. 12. PoLYGALA PAUCIFOLIA Willd. M. p. 585. Moist, rich woods. Early summer. Bucks — Near Quakertown (Fr.). Montgomery — Green Lane (VP.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster — Pleasant Grove (Ca.), Octoraro Creek south of Christiana (St.). BerAs— Hamburg (Cr.). Lehigh— Bine Mountain in Lynn (Kr.). Northampton — (P.). Dauphin — (P.). lfo?imoMf/i— Freehold (C). -Somerset— Peapack, Raritan (C). Neiv Castle — Mount Cuba. Family 8. EUPHORBIACEAE J. St. Hil. Spurge FamUy. Flowers not in an involucre, with a true calyx. Ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary. 1. Phyllanthus. Ovules 1 in each cavity of the ovary. Plants clothed with stellate pubescence or scales. Ovary and dehiscent capsule 2-4-celled, mostly 3-celled. 2. Croton. Ovary and capsule 1-ceIled, achene-like. 3. Crotonopsis. Plants variously pubescent, with simple hairs. 4. Acalypha. Flowers in an involucre, the calyx represented by a minute scale at the base of the filament-like pedicel. 5. Euphorbia. 1. PHYLLANTHUS L. 1. Phyllanthus Carolinensis Walt. M. p. 586. Gravelly banks. Sum- mer. Chester— {V.). Lancaster— York Furnace, Peach Bottom (Br.). 2. CROTON L. 1. Croton glandulosus L. M. p. 586. Ballast. Spring to winter. Philadelphia— Old Navy Yard (B. C). New Castle — A single plant at New Castle, Commons. 3. CROTONOPSIS Michx. 1. Crotonopsis linearis Michx. M. p. 587. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. Bucks — Bristol, Mart. (B. C). Z^eiaware — Tinicum, T. C. Palmer (Fu.). Burlington— Taunton (Br.), Atsion (Le.), Batsto (Re.). Camden — Kirkwood, Lindenwold (Br.). Gloucester — Woodbury (C). Atlantic — Hammonton (Cr.) (Je.), Pleasant Mills, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean — Manchester, Southwark (C). 212 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4. ACALYPHA L. Three-seeded Mercury. Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate spikes or racemes; capsule spiny. 1. A. ostryaefolia. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same spike or raceme ; capsule smooth. Plant not glandular; bract palmately many-lobed, equalling or exceed- ing the staminate spike. 2. A. Virginica. Plant glandular; bract many-cleft, shorter than the spike. 3. A. gracilens. 1. ACALYPHA OSTRYAEFOLIA Ridd. M. p. 588. Woods. Summer. Bucfcs— Morrisville (P.). 3fercer— Princeton, Trenton (C). 2. ACALYPHA Virginica L. M. p. 588. Fields and open places. Summer. 3. ACALYPHA GRACILENS A. Gray. M. p. 588. Sandy, dry soil. Summer. Buclcs— Plxxmstead, M oyer (P.). Delaware— (P.). Chester— {P.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.). RiciNus COMMUNIS L. Castor-oil Plant. Cultivated and some- times escaped. Summer. 5. EUPHORBIA L. Spurge. Glands of the involucre with petal-like appendages. Leaves opposite, inequilateral, their bases more or less oblique. Leaves entire; seeds smooth. 1. E. poly goni folia. Leaves serrate or dentate; plants prostrate or spreading. Seeds gray or white. 2. E. hirsuta. Seeds brown or black. 3. E. maculata. Leaves serrate or dentate; plants erect or ascending. 4. E. nutans. Leaves alternate or scattered on the stem except a whorl' subtending the umbel. Bracts and leaves of the umbel small and green; seeds ovoid, smooth, sparingly pitted. 5. E. corollata. Bracts and leaves of the umbel large, white-margined; seeds ovoid, globose, reticulate-tuberculate. 6. E. marginata. Glands of the involucre without petal-like appendages. Leaves mostly opposite; herbage glabrous. Plants slender; stems or branches forked. Annual ; stem branched at the base ; leaves, or some of them, oblique at the base. 1. E. polygonifolia. Perennial ; stems several from a stout root ; leaves not oblique at the base. 8. E. Ipecacuanhae. Plants stout ; stem usually simple below, topped by an umbel. 9. E. Lathyris. Leaves mostly opposite; herbage pubescent. 7. E. dentata. Leaves alternate or scattered. Leaves serrulate; glands of the involucre oblong, oval, or orbic- ular. 11. E. Helioscopia. Leaves entire; glands of the involucres crescent-shaped or reniform. Annual or biennial ; seeds pitted. Capsules with 2-crested lobes. 12. E. Peplus. Capsules vnth rounded lobes. 13. E. commutata. Perennial. Glands reniform or oblong without horns. 10. E. Darlin gtonii. Glands crescent-shaped, with horns. 14. E. Cyparissias. 1. Euphorbia polygonifolia L. M. p. 591. Sandy shores. Summer. New Jersey— Common. New Castle— CoWins, Woodland Beach. CALLITRICHACEAE. 213 2. Euphorbia hirsuta (Torr.) Wiegand. M. p. 592. Sandy or gravelly soil. Summer. Bucks — Tullytown, Hilltown, Noekamixon (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton — (P.) . 3. Euphorbia maculata L. M. p. 592. Open places and roadsides. Sum- mer and fall. 4. Euphorbia nutans Lag. M. p. 593. Fields and thickets. Summer and fall. 5. Euphorbia corollata L. M. p. 593. Rich or sandy soil. Spring to faU. 6. EtrPHORBiA MARGINATA Pursh. M. p. 594. Escaped from gardens. Sum- mer. 7. Euphorbia dentata Michx. M. p. 594. Dry or moist soil. Summer and fall. Lancaster — ( P. ) . 8. Euphorbia Ipecacuanhae L. M. p. 594. Sandy soil. Spring to fall. BucTcs—Venvi Valley (Cr.). New Jersey — Common. 9. Euphorbia Lathyeis L. M. p. 594. Waste places. Summer. Bucfcs— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— ConcorA (W. Tr.). Ches- ter— {V.). Lancaster— {'P.). Northampton— (F.). Monmouth — Keyport (C). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C). New Castle — Centerville, Commons; Bear. 10. Euphorbia Darlingtonii A. Gray. M. p. 594. Copses. Summer. Chester — Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C). Lancaster— (F.). Salem — Woodstown. New Castle — South of New Garden, Joshua Hoopes; Southwood, Canby. 11. Euphorbia Helioscopia L. M. p. 595. Ballast. Summer and fall. Cam den — Kaighn 's Point ( Ja. ) . 12. Euphorbia Peplus L. M. p. 595. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Gxraxdi Point (Te.). DeZowore— Lansdowne, Br. Emily G. Hunt (He.) (Pe.). Chester— West Chester, Dr. Geo. Martin (Fu.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton Streets of Easton (P.). Camde7i— Camden, I. Burk (He.). 1/^ercer— Trenton (C). New Castle — Gardens, Wilmington, Canby. 13. Euphorbia commutata Engelm. M. p. 595. Along streams and shady slopes. Spring and summer. Lancaster— Y oris. Furnace (Cr.) (Li.), Safe Harbor (P.). 14. Euphorbia Cypaeissias L. M. p. 596. Escaped from gardens. Sum- mer. Euphorbia segetalis L. Ballast. Philadelphia— Philadeliphia, C. A. Boice (B. C). Family 9. CALLITRICHACEAE Liiidl. Water-starwort Family. 1. CALLITRICHE L. Water- starwort. Fruit short-peduncled ; bracts wanting; terrestrial. 1. C. Austini. Fruit sessile ; aquatic, or some forms growing in mud. Bracts present. 214 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Fruit oval, flat on the face, longer than the styles. 2. C. palustris. Fruit obovate, plano-convex, shorter than the styles. 3. C. heterophylla. Bracts none ; leaves all linear, submerged. 4. C. bifida. 1. Callitriche Austini Engelm. M. p. 596. Damp, shaded places. Sum- mer. 2. CALLlTPaCHE PALUSTRIS L. M. p. 597. In cold or running water. Summer. 3. Callitriche heterophylla Pursh. M. p. 597. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. ^Mcfcs— Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.) (Ke.). Berts— Hamburg (Ke.). North- ampton — (P.). New Jersey — Common. New Cosine— Blackbird Head, Canby. 4. Callitriche bifida (L.) Morong. M. p. 597. Flowing water. Summer. Bucls — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Order 16. SAPINDALES- Flowers regular or nearly so (except in Hippocastanaceae, which are trees or shrubs with digitately compound leaves). Petals none ; flowers monoecious or dioecious ; leaves evergreen. Stamens mostly 3 ; low heath-like shrubs. Fam. 1. Empetraceae. Stamens 4-7 ; herbs with broad leaves and spiked flowers. Fam. 2. Buxaceae. Petals present ; leaves deciduous except some Ilicaeeae. Low annual herbs, with pinnately-divided leaves, the stamens twice as many as the petals. Fam. 3. Limnanthaceae. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous vines. Ovary 1-celled; fruit a small drupe. Fam. 4. Anacardaceae. Ovary 2-several-celled. Leaves simple, pinnately veined. Seeds not arilled. Fam. 5. Ilicaeeae. Seeds arilled ; ovules erect ; capsule fleshy. Fam. 6. Celastraceae. Leaves simple and palmately veined, or compound. Fruit a bladdery 3-lobed capsule. Fam. 7. Staphyleaceae. Fruit of 2-winged samaras. Fam. 8. Aceraceae. Fruit a leathery capsule ; flowers . irregular ; leaves digitately compound. Fam. 9. Hippocastanaceae. Flowers very irregular, the posterior sepal large, saccate ; succulent herbs, the capsule elastically dehiscent. Fam. 10. Balsaminaceae. Family 1. EMPETRACEAE Dumort. Crowberry Family. 1. COREMA Don. 1. COREMA CoNRADii Torr. Broom Crowberry. M. p. 598. Sandy pine- barrens. Early spring. Burlington — * ' The Plains. ' ' 1. B. copalliiia. 2. R. hirta. 3. E. glabra. 6. E. vernix. 7. E. radicans. I Lie ACE AE. 215 Family 2. BUXACEAE Dumoit. Box Family. 1. PACHYSANDRA Michx. 1. Pachysandra procumbens Michx. Mountain Spurge. M. p. 599. In- troduced from the South. Woods. Early spring. Z>e?a wrt/'e— Darby Creek near Haverford (I^e.), Colleu Brook, Upper Darby and Radnor (B. Sm.). Family 3. LIMNANTHACEAE Lindl. False-mermaid Family. 1. I'^LOERKEA Willd. 1. Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. False Mermaid. M. p. 599. Marshes and river banks. Spring. Family 4. ANACARDIACEAE. Sumac Family. 1. RHUS L. Sumac. Fruit pubescent ; stone smooth. Rachis of the leaf wing-margined. Rachis of the leaf nearly terete. Foliage and twigs velvety-pubescent. Foliage of the twigs mostly glabrous and glaucous. Fruit glabrous; stone striate. Leaflets 7-13, glabrous. Leaflets 3, more or less pubescent beneath. 1. Rhus copallina L. Black Sumac. M. p. 600. Dry soil. Summer. 2. Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw. Staghom Sumac. M. p. 600. Dry, rocky soil. Spring. 3. Rhus glabra L. Scarlet Sumac. M. p. 600. Rocky or barren soil. Summer. 4. Rhus Vernix L. Poison Sumac. M. p. 601. Swamps. Early summer. 5. Rhus radicans L. Poison Ivy, Poison Oak. M. p. 601. Thickets. Spring. Family -5. ILICACEAE Lowe. Holly Family. Petals oblong or obovate, slightly united. 1. Ilex. Petals linear, distinct. 2. Ilicioides. 1. ILEX L. Leaves thick, evergreen, persistent. Nutlets ribbed; leaves spiny-toothed. 1. I. opaca. Nutlets not ribbed; leaves dotted beneath. 2. /. glabra. Leaves thin, deciduous. Flowers all short-pedicelled. 3. I. verticillata. Staminate flowers on long and slender pedicels. 4. /. laevigata. 1. Ilex opaca Ait. American Holly. M. p. 603. Moist woodlands. Spring. 5mc As— Bristol (Fr.). Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.). Dauphin — (P.). New Jersey — Common. New Castle— Ti.o\\y Oak, Old Blue Bell, Folly Woods, Silverside. Rare in northern part of county. 216 FLOE A OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray. Inkbeny. M. p. 603. In sandy soil. Early summer. 3. Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray. Black Alder, Winterberry. M. p. 604. Swamps. Early summer. 3a. Ilex verticillata cyclophylla Robinson. M. p. 604. Bucks— Durham, Buth (Fr.). 4. Ilex laevigata (Pursh.) A. Gray. M. p. 604. Swamps. Spring. Bucks— Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). Lancaster— (F.). Camden — Cedar Brook (Ke.), Kirkwood (Wn.). Gloucester — Mickle- ton, frequent (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Westville (Wn.). Atlantic— 'Egg Harbor (Cr.). Monmouth — Keyport (G.). Mercer — Princeton Junction (C). New Castle— F each 's. Rare. 2. ILICIOIDES Dumont. 1. Ilicioides mucronata (L.) Britton. Mountain Holly. M. p. 604. Swamps. Spring. Northampton— Fen Argyl (U. C. S.). CoTnden— Kaighn's Point, Mart. (B. C.), Sicklerville, Dr. J. B. Brinton (Ke.). Atlantic— Jlaminonton (C.). Family 6. CELASTRACEAE Lindl. Staff-tree Family. Leaves opposite. 1. Euonymus. Leaves alternate ; woody vine. 2. Celastrus. 1. EUONYMUS L. Pods tuberculate; low shrubs; flowers greenish-pink. Erect or ascending; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. 1. E. Amerieanus. Decumbent, rooting at the nodes ; leaves obovate, obtuse. 2. E. obovatus. Pods smooth; high shrubs or small trees. 3. E. atropurpureus. 1. Euonymus Americanus L. Strawberry Bush. M. p. 605. Low woods. Spring. 2. Euonymus obovatus Nutt. M. p. 605. Low or wet places. Spring. ^Mcifcs— Langhorne, Mart. (Fr.). Gloucester— Mickleton, common (He.). /Somerset— Rocky Hill (C.). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C.). 3. Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Burning Bush, Wahoo. M. p. 605. Woods. Early summer. Euonymus Europaeus L. Spindle-tree. M. p. 605. Escaped from cultivation. 2. CELASTRUS L. 1. Celastrus scandens L. Climbing Bittersweet. M, p. 606. Rich soil. Early summer. ACEBACEAE. 217 Family 7. STAPHYLEACEAE DC. Bladder-nut Family. 1. STAPHYLBA L. 1. Staphylea TRiFOiiiA L. BlaMer-Mii. M. p. (306. Thickets in moist soil. Spring. ; Family s. ACE